The Language of Medicine

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The Language Of Medicine Dr. Michael Gillespie
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Chapter 12 Respiratory System
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Chapter Goals

• Name the organs of the respiratory system and
  describe their location and function.
• Identify various pathological conditions that
  affect the system.
• Learn medical terms that pertain to respiration.

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Chapter Goals

• Describe important clinical procedures related to
  the respiratory system, and recognize relevant
  abbreviations.
• Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical
  terms in their proper contexts, such as medical
  reports and records.

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Introduction

• External respiration Exchange of air in lung
  capillaries
• oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs
• immediately passes into capillaries
• carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air
  sacs, to be exhaled

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Introduction (contd)

• Internal respiration Exchange of gases in the
  cells
• occurs simultaneously between cells and
  capillaries
• oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the
  tissues
• carbon dioxide passes out of tissues back into
  the bloodstream to travel to the lungs

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Respiratory Anatomy

• Mediastinum Middle of chest where trachea
  divides into two branches
• Bronchi Each leads to a separate lung
• Lungs Lobes are not mirror images
• Hilum Blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue,
  and bronchial tubes enter and exit

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Anatomy of Respiration
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Anatomy of Respiration
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Respiratory Structures

• Conduct air
• Nose
• Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea

• Exchange gases
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli
• Lung capillaries

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Respiratory Flow Chart
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Respiratory Flow Chart
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Vocabulary

• adenoids
• alveolus (alveoli)
• apex of the lung
• base of the lung
• brochioles
• bronchus (bronchi)
• carbon dioxide

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Vocabulary

• cilia
• diaphragm
• epiglottis
• expiration
• glottis
• hilum
• inspiration
• larynx

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Vocabulary

• lobe
• mediastinum
• nares
• oxygen
• palatine tonsil
• paranasal sinus
• parietal pleura

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Vocabulary

• pharynx
• pleura
• pleural cavity
• pulmonary parenchyma
• respiration
• trachea
• visceral pleura

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QUICK QUIZ

• 1. What is the tip or uppermost portion of the
  lung?
• base
• lobe
• apex
• nares

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Combining Formsand Terminology

• adenoid/o adenoids
• alveol/o alveolus, air sac
• bronch/o bronchial tube
• bronchi/o bronchus
• bronchiol/o bronchiole, small bronchus
• capn/o carbon dioxide

Combining Form Meaning
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Combining Formsand Terminology

• coni/o dust
• cyan/o blue
• epiglott/o epiglottis
• laryng/o larynx, voice box
• lob/o lobe of the lung
• mediastin/o mediastinum

Combining Form Meaning
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Combining Formsand Terminology

• nas/o nose
• orth/o straight, upright
• ox/o oxygen
• pector/o chest
• pharyng/o pharynx, throat
• phon/o voice

Combining Form Meaning
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Combining Formsand Terminology

• phren/o diaphragm
• pleur/o pleura
• pneum/o air, lung
• pneumon/o lung
• pulmon/o lung
• rhin/o nose

Combining Form Meaning
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Combining Formsand Terminology

• sinus/o sinus cavity
• spir/o breathing
• tel/o complete
• thorac/o chest
• tonsill/o tonsils
• trache/o trachea, windpipe

Combining Form Meaning
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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Terminology

• SUFFIXES
• -ema condition
• -osmia smell
• -pnea breathing
• -ptysis spitting
• -sphyxia pulse
• -thorax pleural cavity, chest

Suffix Meaning
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Diagnostic Terms

• auscultation
• percussion
• pleural rub
• rale (crackle)
• rhonchus
• sputum
• stridor
• wheeze

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Pathology

• Upper Respiratory Disorders
• croup
• diphtheria
• epistaxis
• pertussis

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Pathology

• Bronchial Tube Disorders
• asthma
• bronchiectasis
• chronic bronchitis
• cystic fibrosis

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Pathology

• Lung Disorders
• atelectasis
• emphysema
• lung cancer
• pneumoconiosis
• pneumonia
• pulmonary abscess

• pulmonary edema
• pulmonary embolism (PE)
• pulmonary fibrosis
• sarcoidosis
• tuberculosis (TB)

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Pathology Lung Disorders

• Atelectasis
• Two forms
• Proximal obstruction of distal airways
• Accumulations of fluid, blood, or air in pleural
  cavity

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Pathology

• Pleural Disorders
• mesothelioma
• pleural effusion
• pleurisy (pleuritis)
• pneumothorax

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Pathology Pleural Disorders

• Pneumothorax Air gathers in the pleural cavity

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Study Section

• anthracosis
• asbestosis
• bacilli
• chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
• cor pulmonale
• exudate

• hydrothorax
• infiltrate
• palliative
• paroxysmal
• pulmonary infarction
• purulent
• silicosis

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Clinical Procedures

• X-rays
• chest x-ray (CXR)
• computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest
• pulmonary angiography

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Clinical Procedures

• X-rays Radiographic imaging

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Clinical Procedures

• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Magnetic waves
  create images

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Clinical Procedures

• Radioactive Tests
• Positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the
  lung
• Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan inhalation of
  radioactive gas for imaging, followed by
  injection of different radioactive material for
  imaging

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Clinical Procedures

• Bronchioscopy Fiberoptic or rigid endoscope
  inserted into the bronchial tubes for diagnosis,
  biopsy, or collection of specimens

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Clinical Procedures

• Endotracheal intubation placement of tube from
  mouth to trachea to establish airway

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Clinical Procedures

• laryngoscopy
• lung biopsy
• mediastinoscopy
• pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

• thoracotomy
• thorascopy
• tracheostomy
• tuberculin test
• tube thoracostomy

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Clinical Procedures

• Thoracentesis surgical puncture to
• remove fluid from pleural space

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Clinical Procedures

• Tracheostomy Surgical creation of opening into
  the trachea through
• the neck

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Review Sheet

• COMBINING FORMS
• adenoid/o ____________
• alveol/o ____________
• bronch/o ____________
• bronchi/o ____________
• bronchiol/o ____________
• capn/o ____________

Combining Form Meaning
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Review Sheet

• COMBINING FORMS
• adenoid/o adenoids
• alveol/o alveolus air sac small sac
• bronch/o bronchial tube
• bronchi/o bronchial tube
• bronchiol/o bronchiole
• capn/o carbon dioxide

Combining Form Meaning
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Review Sheet

• COMBINING FORMS
• coni/o ___________
• cyan/o ___________
• epiglott/o ___________
• laryng/o ___________
• lob/o ___________
• mediastin/o ___________

Combining Form Meaning
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Review Sheet

• COMBINING FORMS
• coni/o dust
• cyan/o blue
• epiglott/o epiglottis
• laryng/o larynx (voice box)
• lob/o lobe
• mediastin/o mediastinum

Combining Form Meaning
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Review Sheet

• COMBINING FORMS
• nas/o __________
• orth/o __________
• ox/o __________
• pector/o __________
• pharyng/o __________
• phon/o __________

Combining Form Meaning
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Review Sheet

• COMBINING FORMS
• nas/o nose
• orth/o straight
• ox/o oxygen
• pector/o chest
• pharyng/o throat (pharynx)
• phon/o voice sound

Combining Form Meaning
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Review Sheet

• COMBINING FORMS
• phren/o ___________
• pleur/o ___________
• pneum/o ___________
• pneumon/o ___________
• pulmon/o ___________
• rhin/o ___________

Combining Form Meaning
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Review Sheet

• COMBINING FORMS
• phren/o diaphragm mind
• pleur/o pleura
• pneum/o lung air gas
• pneumon/o lung air gas
• pulmon/o lung
• rhin/o nose

Combining Form Meaning
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Review Sheet

• COMBINING FORMS
• sinus/o ___________
• spir/o ___________
• tel/o ___________
• thorac/o ___________
• tonsill/o ___________
• trache/o ___________

Combining Form Meaning
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Review Sheet

• COMBINING FORMS
• sinus/o sinus
• spir/o to breathe
• tel/o complete
• thorac/o chest
• tonsill/o tonsil
• trache/o trachea (windpipe)

Combining Form Meaning
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Review Sheer

• SUFFIXES
• -ema ___________
• -osmia ___________
• -pnea ___________
• -ptysis ___________
• -sphyxia ___________
• -thorax ___________

Suffix Meaning
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Review Sheet

• SUFFIXES
• -ema condition
• -osmia smell
• -pnea breathing
• -ptysis spitting
• -sphyxia pulse
• -thorax chest pleural cavity

Suffix Meaning