Chapter 1

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Chapter 1
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Applied Learning Outcomes

• Learn body orientation terms that explain or
  describe the following
• Body direction
• Various views of the body and body parts
• Positioning of the body for medical procedures
• Learn the locations of
• The major body regions and cavities, and the
  structures contained within them
• Use the terminology associated with the major
  body regions and cavities
• Understand aging and pathology as they relate to
  body organization

Chapter 1 Overview of the Body
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Introduction
Fine or Microscopic Anatomy The study of anatomy
concerned with the microscopic features of the
body Gross Anatomy The study of anatomy
concerned with the features of the body visible
to the naked eye
Chapter 1 Overview of the Body
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Anatomy is the study of body structure
(Like size, shape, location,
etc.) Physiology is the study of how the
body and systems function Homeostasis the
bodys ability to remain stable despite changes.
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Anatomical Position is standing upright facing
forward, arms at the sides with Palms forward,
and the feet slightly apart.
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Human Body Orientation
Directional orientation explains a particular
view of a person Directional planes are views of
imaginary lines sliced through a person
Chapter 1 Overview of the Body
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• Directional orientation explains a particular
  view of a person.
• Medial refers to the middle of the body.
• Lateral refers to the sides of the body.
• Superior, or cephalic, refers to a location near
  the head.
• Inferior, or caudal, refers to a location near
  the feet.
• Anterior, or ventral, refers to the front of the
  human body.
• Posterior, or dorsal, refers to the back of the
  human body.

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• Directional planes are views of imaginary lines
  sliced through a person.
• A sagittal section slices the body vertically
  into left and right sections.
• A midsagittal section slices the body into equal
  left and right halves.
• A frontal, or coronal, section slices the body
  vertically into anterior and posterior sections.
• A transverse section slices the body horizontally
  into inferior and superior sections.

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• Positions
• Sitting
• Fowlers
• Supine
• Trendelenburgs
• Prone
• Modified tredelenburgs
• Dorsal recumbent
• Lithotomy
• Knee-chest
• Sims

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Human Body Orientation

• Antagonistic Opposing movements

Flexion ? ? Extension Abduction ? ?
Adduction Inversion ? ? Eversion
Chapter 1 Overview of the Body
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Flexion to bend a joint Extension to
straighten a joint Abduction movement of the
arm or leg away from the midline of the
body Adduction movement of the arm or leg
toward the midline of the body Eversion
movement of the hand or foot so that the thumb or
great toe moves away from the midline of the
body Inversion movement of the hand or foot so
that the thumb or great toe moves toward the
midline of the body
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Body Regions and Cavities

• Body regions are divided into general locations,
  abdominopelvic regions, and quadrants

Chapter 1 Overview of the Body
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• Body regions are divided into general locations,
  abdominopelvic regions, and quadrants.
• Abdominopelvic regions include nine sections that
  divide up the abdominal and pelvic portions of
  the body.
• Quadrants section the abdominal region into four
  portions.

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Abdominal Stomach
Acromial Shoulder region
Axillary Arm pit
Brachial Arm (upper)
Cardiac heart
Carpal Wrist
Cervical Neck region
Clavicular Collar bone
Cranial skull
Cubital Elbow
Cutaneous skin
Femoral Thigh
Geniculate Knee region
Gastric stomach
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Gluteal Buttocks
Hepatic Liver
Lumbar Small of back
Nasal nose
Ocular Eyes
Palmar Hands
Pectoral Chest region
Pedal Foot
Pelvic Hip bones and pelvis
Plantar Sole of foot
Pubic Groin region
Pulmonary lungs
Renal kidneys
Thoracic Chest
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Superficial Any body part close to skin
Deep Region towards the inside
Bilateral Laterally on sides of body
Unilateral Single part in lateral location
Parietal Outer wall of hollow body part, or thin covering
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Body Regions and Cavities

• The human body is naturally divided into internal
  cavities

Chapter 1 Overview of the Body
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2 Main Cavities 1. Dorsal (posterior) 2.
Ventral (anterior)
Dorsal Cavity has 2 cavities inside 1.
Cranial Cavity formed by the skull,
contains the brain. 2. Spinal or Vertebral
Cavity formed by the spine and contains the
spinal cord.
Ventral Cavity ( 2 parts) separated by the
diaphragm) 1. Thoracic heart and lungs
found here 2. Abdominal Cavity liver,
stomach, intestines
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Summary

• Directional terms describe
• the relative location of different body features
• the ways the body can be viewed along imaginary
  lines
• Position terms explain
• how a patient should be positioned for a
  procedure
• Movement terms explain
• a persons ability to move a body structure in a
  particular direction in relation to the center of
  the body
• Body region terms
• create a map of the body locations
• describe the location of pain or injury
• Body cavity terms
• create a map of the body structures
• help healthcare workers communicate accurately
  and effectively

Chapter 1 Overview of the Body