ORGANISMS CAN INTERACT IN DIFFERENT WAYS

1
ORGANISMS CAN INTERACT IN DIFFERENT WAYS

• ORGANISMS INTERACT IN DIFFERENT WAYS
• SURVIVAL OF ONE SPECIES MIGHT DEPEND ON ANOTHER
  SPECIES
• SYMBIOSIS relationship between individuals of 2
  different species who live together in a close
  relationship (word means living together)
• INTERACTIONS IN AN ECOSYTEM ARE COMPLEX

2
Organisms Interact in Different Ways

• PREDATOR/PREY predator is an animal that eats
  another prey is an animal eaten by a predator
  in a food chain, an animal may be both(a small
  bird feeds on grasshopper, then is eaten by a
  falcon).
• The sick elderly usually are the members of a
  population that are eaten prey may affect the
  location of predators (birds will go where the
  insects are).
• COMPETITION struggle between individuals or
  different populations for a limited resource.
• Competition may occur within same species (plants
  compete for light nutrients) or different
  species (strangler fig vines compete with trees
  for water light nutrients, eventually killing
  it).

3
Organism Interactions Cont.

• COMPETITION CONT. occurs between within
  species (vultures hyenas compete for remains of
  dead animals- wolves compete with each other over
  territory) within species competition often
  occurs during mating season. Many populations can
  coexist in a habitat without competition also
  (maple, beech, birch trees side by side).
• COOPERATION an interaction in which organisms
  work in a way that benefits them all. (some
  predators hunt in packs- killer whales, lions,
  wolves, etc.)
• Ants, bees, termites are social insects
  members of a colony belong to different groups
  called castes have different responsibilities
  (gather food, defend colony)
• Apes monkeys live in family groups, members
  cooperate to take care of the young.

4
Organisms Interacting
5
Survival of 1 Species may Depend on Another

• Symbiotic Relationships both species benefits, 1
  benefits other isnt affected, 1 benefits
  while other is harmed.
• MUTUALISM interaction between 2 species that
  benefits both. (bee gets nectar from flower,
  flower gets pollinated).
• Many plants rely on mutualism to reproduce
  (insects birds get nectar in turn pollinate,
  or animals eat fruit disperse seeds).
• Mutualism might be necessary for survival of
  organism (termites live off of wood because have
  one-celled protozoa making homes in their gut and
  they digest the wood into usable nutrients).

6
Species Survival cont.

• COMMENSALISM relationship between 2 species
  where 1 benefits other is unaffected. Orchids
  mosses grow on trees to get light nutrients
  that run down along tree, tree remains
  unaffected.
• Commensal relationships common in ocean
  ecosystems (remoras stick to sharks to eat scraps
  leftover fish swimming among jellyfish tentacles
  for safety).
• PARASITISM one species benefits while other is
  harmed. Parasites (ticks, lice, mites) feed off
  weaken their hosts. Tapeworms ringworms are
  internal parasites living inside of host.
• Nest or Brood Parasitism female cowbird lays
  eggs in a warblers nest, often pushing out
  warbler eggs.

7
Species Survival Relationships
8
Complex Interactions in Ecosystem