The Presidency

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The Presidency
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Terms to Know..

• Acting President-is a person who temporarily
  fills the role of an organization's president,
  either when the real president is unavailable
  (for example ill or on vacation) or when the post
  is vacant (for example because of death, injury,
  resignation, or dismissal).
• Amnesty-A group pardon to individuals for an
  offense against the government.

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• Appointment/removal power- The power of the
  President to give or take a persons job.
• Bureaucrat-A person who works for one of the
  departments or agencies of the federal government.

• Cabinet-An advisory group that helps the
  President make decisions and set governmental
  policy.
• Civil Service System-The principal and practice
  of government employment on the basis of open,
  competitive examinations and merit.

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• Deregulation-To reduce the powers of regulatory
  agencies.
• Electoral College-Group of electors that chooses
  the President and Vice-President.
• Executive Agreement-an agreement, usually
  pertaining to administrative matters and less
  formal than an international treaty, made between
  chiefs of state without senatorial approval.

• Executive Order-A rule issued by the President
  that has the force of law.
• Executive Privilege-The presidents right to
  refuse to testify before, or provide information
  to, Congress or, a court.
• Government corporation- A business the Federal
  Government runs.
• Hatch Act-regulating expenditures, contributions,
  and procedures in political campaigns.

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• Impoundment- The Presidents refusal to spend
  money Congress has voted to fund a program.
• Inauguration- Ceremony where the President is
  officially sworn in.
• Item Veto- The power to reject a particular
  section or item in a piece of legislation without
  vetoing the entire law.

• Pardon- Release from legal punishment.
• Popular Vote- the vote for a U.S. presidential
  candidate made by the qualified voters, as
  opposed to that made by the electoral college.
• Presidential Succession- The order in which
  officials fill the office of President in case of
  a vacancy.

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• Recognition- Any individual, family, or group can
  receive Presidential recognition for annual and
  lifelong commitment to volunteer service at home
  or abroad. The following are example.

• Presidents Volunteer Service Award
• Presidential Volunteer Service Award
• Bronze Level
• Presidential Volunteer Service Award
• Silver Level.
• Presidential Volunteer Service Award
• Gold Level.
• Presidents Call to Service Award
• Presidential Volunteer Service Award
• All Ages4,000 hours or more of volunteer service
  

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• Reprieve- The postponement of a legal punishment.
• Spoils System- The practice of victorious
  politicians rewarding their followers with
  government jobs.

• State of the Union Message- an annual message to
  Congress in which the President reports on the
  state of the nation and outlines a legislative
  program required by the Constitution (Article
  II, Section 3).

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• War Powers-was a United States Congress joint
  resolution providing that the President can send
  U.S. armed forces into action abroad only by
  authorization of Congress or if the United States
  is already under attack or serious threat. The
  War Powers Resolution requires the president to
  notify Congress within 48 hours of committing
  armed forces to military action and forbids armed
  forces from remaining for more than 60 days, with
  a further 30 day withdrawal period, without an
  authorization of the use of military force or a
  declaration of war. The resolution was passed by
  two-thirds of Congress, overriding a presidential
  veto.

• Treaty- A formal agreement between the
  governments of two or more nations.

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The Presidential Amendments

• Amendment 12- The Electoral College consists of
  the popularly elected representatives (electors)
  who formally elect the President and Vice
  President of the United States. Since 1964, there
  have been 538 electors in each presidential
  election.1 Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of
  the Constitution specifies how many electors each
  state is entitled to have and that each state's
  legislature decides how its electors are to be
  chosen U.S. territories are not represented in
  the Electoral College. The Electoral College is
  an example of an indirect election.
• Rather than directly voting for the President and
  Vice President, United States citizens vote for
  electors. Electors are technically free to vote
  for anyone eligible to be President, but in
  practice pledge to vote for specific
  candidates2 and voters cast ballots for favored
  presidential and vice presidential candidates by
  voting for correspondingly pledged electors.3
• The Twelfth Amendment provides for each elector
  to cast one vote for President and one vote for
  Vice President. It also specifies how a President
  and Vice President are elected.

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Lame Duck- an elected official who is approaching
the end of his or her tenure, and especially an
official whose successor has already been
elected.

• Amendment 20- Section 1. The terms of the
  President and Vice President shall end at noon on
  the 20th day of January, and the terms of
  Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d
  day of January, of the years in which such terms
  would have ended if this article had not been
  ratified and the terms of their successors shall
  then begin. Section 2. The Congress shall
  assemble at least once in every year, and such
  meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of
  January, unless they shall by law appoint a
  different day.
• Section 3. If, at the time fixed for the
  beginning of the term of the President, the
  President elect shall have died, the Vice
  President elect shall become President. If a
  President shall not have been chosen before the
  time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if
  the President elect shall have failed to qualify,
  then the Vice President elect shall act as
  President until a President shall have qualified
  and the Congress may by law provide for the case
  wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice
  President elect shall have qualified, declaring
  who shall then act as President, or the manner in
  which one who is to act shall be selected, and
  such person shall act accordingly until a
  President or Vice President shall have qualified.
• Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for
  the case of the death of any of the persons from
  whom the House of Representatives may choose a
  President whenever the right of choice shall have
  devolved upon them, and for the case of the death
  of any of the persons from whom the Senate may
  choose a Vice President whenever the right of
  choice shall have devolved upon them.
• Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on
  the 15th day of October following the
  ratification of this article.
• Section 6. This article shall be inoperative
  unless it shall have been ratified as an
  amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures
  of three-fourths of the several States within
  seven years from the date of its submission.

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• Amendment 22- Limits the president to two terms.
• Amendment 23- Representation of Washington, D.C.
  in the Electoral College. Given 3 Electors.

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• Amendment 25- In case of the removal of the
  President from office or of his death or
  resignation, the Vice President shall become
  President.
• Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the
  Vice President, the President shall nominate a
  Vice President who shall take office upon
  confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of
  Congress.
• Whenever the President transmits to the
  President pro tempore of the Senate and the
  Speaker of the House of Representatives his
  written declaration that he is unable to
  discharge the powers and duties of his office,
  and until he transmits to them a written
  declaration to the contrary, such powers and
  duties shall be discharged by the Vice President
  as Acting President.
• Whenever the Vice President and a majority of
  either the principal officers of the executive
  departments or of such other body as Congress may
  by law provide, transmit to the President pro
  tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the
  House of Representatives their written
  declaration that the President is unable to
  discharge the powers and duties of his office,
  the Vice President shall immediately assume the
  powers and duties of the office as Acting
  President.

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• Thereafter, when the President transmits to the
  President pro tempore of the Senate and the
  Speaker of the House of Representatives his
  written declaration that no inability exists, he
  shall resume the powers and duties of his office
  unless the Vice President and a majority of
  either the principal officers of the executive
  department or of such other body as Congress may
  by law provide, transmit within four days to the
  President pro tempore of the Senate and the
  Speaker of the House of Representatives their
  written declaration that the President is unable
  to discharge the powers and duties of his office.
  Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue,
  assembling within forty eight hours for that
  purpose if not in session. If the Congress,
  within twenty one days after receipt of the
  latter written declaration, or, if Congress is
  not in session, within twenty one days after
  Congress is required to assemble, determines by
  two thirds vote of both Houses that the President
  is unable to discharge the powers and duties of
  his office, the Vice President shall continue to
  discharge the same as Acting President
  otherwise, the President shall resume the powers
  and duties of his office.

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Presidential Qualifications

• -35 years old
• -4 year term (2 terms max.)
• -14 years in U.S. Natural Citizen
• -President is replaced by the Vice-President

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Salary/Benefits.

• The President earns 400,000 a year.
• Along with a 50,000 annual expense account, a
  100,000 non-taxable travel account and 19,000
  for entertainment.

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• The White House in Washington, D.C. serves as the
  official place of residence for the president he
  is entitled to use its staff and facilities,
  including medical care, recreation, housekeeping,
  and security services. Naval Support Facility
  Thurmont, popularly known as Camp David, is a
  mountain based military camp in Frederick County,
  Maryland used as a country retreat and for high
  alert protection of the president and his guests.
  Blair House, located adjacent to the Old
  Executive Office Building at the White House
  Complex and Lafayette Park, is a complex of four
  connected townhouses exceeding 70,000 square feet
  of floor space which serves as the president's
  official guest house and as a secondary residence
  for the president if needed.

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Camp David
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Blair House
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For ground travel, the president uses the
presidential state car, which is an armored
limousine built on a heavily modified
Cadillac-based chassis
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One of two identical Boeing VC-25 aircraft, which
are extensively modified versions of Boeing
747-200B airliners, serve as long distance travel
for the president, and are referred to as Air
Force One while the president is on board. The
president also uses a United States Marine Corps
helicopter, designated Marine One when the
president is aboard.
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Air Force One
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Marine One
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Responsibilities of the Vice President

• Follows the President if he cannot serve.
• Salary 230,700 and 10,000 Expense Account.
• Breaks ties in the Senate.
• Mostly ceremonial. Attends meetings and helps to
  gather support for the President and his agenda.
• Some VPs have been more involved than others.

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Presidential ElectionsHistory

• Early on President and V.P ran on separate
  ballotsMost votes President and 2nd most is V.P
• No popular Vote!
• Problems that led to change
• 1796-Adams and Jefferson from different parties.
  Did not like each other!

• 1800- Jefferson and Burr Tie (same of votes)
  Goes to the House which was controlled by
  Federalist. After Debate Jefferson wins.
• This leads to the 12th Amendment- Separate
  Ballots for President and V.P.

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Electoral College Today

• Structure 538 votes Candidate needs 270 to win.
• Vote on The 1st Tuesday after the first Monday in
  November.

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Problems and Suggested Reforms

• Winner-take-all system
• 3rd Party Candidates can mess up the processNo
  real winner
• Election by the House may not meet with popular
  sentiment
• We could choose Electors based on Congressional
  DistrictsWhichever candidate wins the most votes
  in each of your states Congressional District
  would win that District, Plus the 2 statewide
  Electoral Votes.

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• State Popular Vote Percentages- A Candidate would
  receive the same of a States Electoral Votes as
  they get in of the states Popular Vote. (60 of
  the Popular Vote get you get 60 of our 18
  Electoral College Votes)
• Direct Election- President Elected through
  popular voteWould Undermine Federalism!

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Presidential Leadership

• Head of State
• Chief Executive
• Chief Legislator
• Economic Planner
• Chief Diplomat
• Commander in Chief
• Party Leader

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Head of State

• Ceremonial Dutiesmeet with foreign leaders at
  Dinners, Ribbon Cutting, Sports Teams, Those who
  accomplish major goals, etc

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Chief Executive

• Enforces the laws. It is the Presidents job to
  ensure that laws that have been passed get
  carried out. Without him those who did not agree
  with Congress would simply do as they pleased.

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Chief Legislator

• Proposes Laws. While the President does not pass
  laws, he can propose laws to Congress. He has
  goals and he uses this power to help him to
  accomplish his Presidential Agenda.

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Economic Planner

• He writes the Federal Budget. He then presents
  this Budget proposal to the Congress. He can
  also indirectly effect the direction of the
  Economy with this power and the fact that he
  appoints the Federal Reserve Chairman.

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Chief Diplomat

• Directs Foreign Policy. Signs Treaties, sets up
  trade agreements, decides what foreign aide we
  will distribute, etc

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Commander in Chief

• He runs the Armed Forces, CIA, FBI, and other
  government enforcement agencies.

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Party Leader

• Helps to set the path for his Political Party.
  As the President he is the Face of his party.

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Presidential Powers

• These are the actions that the President is
  required to perform by law. Where as duties are
  simply part of the job.

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Executive Orders

• Are Rules that have the force of law behind them.
  http//www.presidency.ucsb.edu/executive_orders.ph
  p
• Examples
• 900 - Executive Order 13518 - Employment of
  Veterans in the Federal Government November 9,
  2009
• 1027 - Executive Order 13527 - Establishing
  Federal Capability for the Timely Provision of
  Medical Countermeasures Following a Biological
  Attack December 30, 2009

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Impoundment

• Stop the spending of .
• Examples
• President Thomas Jefferson's first use of the
  power involved refusal to spend 50,000 in funds
  appropriated for the acquisition of gunboats for
  the United States Navy. He said in 1803 that
  "the sum of fifty thousand dollars appropriated
  by Congress for providing gun boats remains
  unexpended. The favorable and peaceable turn of
  affairs on the Mississippi rendered an immediate
  execution of that law unnecessary. In keeping
  with his efforts to reduce the size of the debt,
  he left the funds for the ships unspent for over
  a year.

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Reprieve, Pardon, Amnesty

• Postpone, release, and Group Pardon of those
  convicted of crimes.

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Federal Budget

• Annual Report. Outline of Federal Spending for
  the coming year. Must be approved by Congress.

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Foreign Policy

• Shares this power with Congress!
• The foreign policy of the United States is the
  policy by which the United States interacts with
  foreign nations. The U.S. is highly influential
  in the world. The global reach of the United
  States is backed by a 14.3 trillion dollar
  economy, approximately a quarter of global GDP,
  and a defense budget of 711 billion, which
  accounts for approximately two-fifths of global
  military spending. The U.S. Secretary of State is
  the foreign minister and is the official charged
  with state-to-state diplomacy, although the
  president has ultimate authority over foreign
  policy.
• The officially stated goals of the foreign policy
  of the United States, as mentioned in the Foreign
  Policy Agenda of the U.S. Department of State,
  are "to create a more secure, democratic, and
  prosperous world for the benefit of the American
  people and the international community." In
  addition, the United States House Committee on
  Foreign Affairs states as some of its
  jurisdictional goals "export controls, including
  nonproliferation of nuclear technology and
  nuclear hardware measures to foster commercial
  intercourse with foreign nations and to safeguard
  American business abroad International commodity
  agreements international education and
  protection of American citizens abroad and
  expatriation." U.S. foreign policy has been the
  subject of much debate, praise and criticism both
  domestically and abroad.

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Treaties and Executive Agreements

• Are official agreements between the U.S. and
  foreign countries.
• The only difference between the them is that a
  Treaty requires the Senate to approve it.

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Recognition

• Official acknowledgement by the President of an
  accomplishment.

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Commander in Chief to the Military

• Sits in with the Joint Chiefs of Staff and makes
  important military agreements. The President has
  the final say.

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Presidential Support Groups

• The Executive Office Help the President perform
  his duties. Report directly to him. Started by
  Roosevelt because he felt Government was too big.
• Office of Management and Budget Largest Office.
  Helps to prepare the Budget.
• Council of Economic Advisors Know the Economy
  and how it functions.
• National Security Council Military and Foreign
  Policy Issues.

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White House Office

• History Created to help with the running of the
  Presidential Duties.
• Role Secretarial Staff that helps with
  organization, keeps appointments, basic
  Secretarial Office Staff.

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Offices

• Chief of Staff Head of the Staff. The
  Presidents closest advisor.
• Press Secretary Deals with the Press.
• White House Counsel Lawyer for the White House.

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The Presidential Cabinethttp//www.youtube.com/w
atch?vxxSvi6JCCfk

• The tradition of the Cabinet dates back to the
  beginnings of the Presidency itself. Established
  in Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution,
  the Cabinet's role is to advise the President on
  any subject he may require relating to the duties
  of each member's respective office.
• Selection Selected by the President must be
  approved by the Senate.

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President Obamas Cabinethttp//www.whitehouse.g
ov/administration/cabinet
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Cabinet Offices

• The Cabinet includes the Vice President and the
  heads of 15 executive departments the
  Secretaries of Agriculture, Commerce, Defense,
  Education, Energy, Health and Human Services,
  Homeland Security, Housing and Urban Development,
  Interior, Labor, State, Transportation, Treasury,
  and Veterans Affairs, as well as the Attorney
  General.

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Vice President of the United StatesJoseph R.
Biden

• Department of AgricultureSecretary Thomas J.
  Vilsackhttp//www.usda.gov Department of
  CommerceSecretary Penny Pritzkerhttp//www.comme
  rce.gov
• Department of LaborSecretary Thomas E.
  Perezhttp//www.dol.gov
• Department of Health and Human ServicesSecretary
  Kathleen Sebeliushttp//www.hhs.gov  

• Department of StateSecretary John
  Kerryhttp//www.state.gov
• Department of the TreasurySecretary Jack
  Lewhttp//www.treasury.gov
• Department of DefenseSecretary Chuck
  Hagelhttp//www.defense.gov
• Department of JusticeAttorney General Eric H.
  Holder, Jr.http//www.usdoj.gov
• Department of the InteriorSecretary Sally
  Jewellhttp//www.doi.gov

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• Department of Housing and Urban
  DevelopmentSecretary Shaun L.S.
  Donovanhttp//www.hud.gov
• Department of TransportationSecretary Anthony
  Foxxhttp//www.dot.gov Department of
  EnergySecretary Ernest Monizhttp//www.energy.go
  v Department of EducationSecretary Arne
  Duncanhttp//www.ed.gov Department of Veterans
  AffairsSecretary Eric K. Shinsekihttp//www.va.g
  ov 

• Department of Homeland SecuritySecretary Jeh
  Johnsonhttp//www.dhs.gov