The Enlightenment and the American Revolution

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The Enlightenment and the American Revolution

• 1707 - 1800

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Vocabulary
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baroque

• A grand and complex artistic style

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oligarchy

• A government in which the ruling power belongs to
  a few people

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laissez faire

• A policy that allows businesses to operate
  without government interference

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salon

• A social gathering in which artists and thinkers
  exchange ideas

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social contract

• An agreement by which people give up their
  natural state for an organized society

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Voltaire

• I do not agree with a word you say, but I will
  defend to the death your right to say it.

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Adam Smith

• There should be no government regulations on
  trade.

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains.

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Baron de Montesquieu

• In order to have liberty, it is necessary that
  the powers of the government be separated.

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Thomas Paine

• It is against all reason to suppose that this
  Continent can long remain subject to any external
  power.

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natural laws

• According to Hobbes and Locke, human nature was
  governed by natural laws.

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constitutional government

• The powers of a constitutional government are
  defined and limited by law.

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physiocrat

• A physiocrat believed that natural laws could be
  used to define economic systems.

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natural rights

• Life, liberty, and property are examples of
  natural rights.

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enlightened despot

• Joseph II was an enlightened despot because he
  used Enlightenment ideas to bring about political
  and social change.

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The Enlightenment and the American Revolution

• 1707 - 1800

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Critical Thinking/Main Ideas
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• Thinkers during the Age of Reason challenged the
  established social order by calling for a just
  society based on reason.

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• Joseph II adopted Enlightenment ideas to improve
  the life of his people.

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• The Tory party in Britain was made up primarily
  of landowning aristocrats.

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• A new feature of English government in the late
  1700s was a cabinet.

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• American resentment of British rule increased
  after 1763 over taxation without representation
  in Parliament.

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• The Declaration of Independence clearly reflects
  the ideas of John Locke.

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• Montesquieu believed the purpose of the
  separation of powers was to protect the liberties
  of the people.

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• The Enlightenment had little effect on the lives
  of European peasants.

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• Britains strong navy helped it become a global
  power in the 1700s.

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• Only male property owners had the right to vote
  in Britain in the 1700s.

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• Trade within the colonies of the British empire
  was controlled by Great Britain.

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• The statement No taxation without
  representation was partly influenced by the
  thinking of John Locke.

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Why was Lockes belief that governments exist
toserve the people considered a radical idea?

• Up until the Enlightenment, governments existed
  to serve the needs of the ruler, not the
  people.
• Locke felt that the people have a right to
  overthrow a government that fails its obligations
  or violates peoples rights.

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How did King George III and his advisers
helpbring about the American Revolution?

• King George and his advisers decided that English
  colonists in North America must pay the cost of
  their own defense, and for the troops stationed
  on the frontier.
• Britain began to enforce laws regulating colonial
  trade, and passed new laws to increase the taxes
  paid by colonists.