FEM 4101 MOTIVATION AND HUMAN ACHIEVEMENT

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FEM 4101MOTIVATION AND HUMAN ACHIEVEMENT
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QUESTIONS

• Why do some people persist in their goals and
  others give up?
• Have you ever found it hard to do something that
  needed to be done?
• Have you ever had a hard time getting others to
  do or accomplish necessary tasks?
• What would you most like to achieve and
  accomplish in your life?
• Do what you love and love what you do?

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THIS HAS BEEN MY DREAM FOR SO LONG

• Most important, think critically about the goals
  you have chosen for yourself are they what you
  want to do or what someone else wants you to do?
• Do they reflects your values? If you are not
  happy with your body, your relationships, or your
  work, why not? THINK ABOUT IT.

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MOTIVATION 1 2 unit

• What is motivation?
• Why you need to know what is motivation?

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Motivation

• The word motivation, comes from the Latin root
  meaning to move,.
• The psychology of motivation is indeed the study
  of what moves us,
• Why we do what we do.
• In Psychology terms, a motive is a tendency to
  desire and seek out positive incentives or
  rewards and to avoid negatives outcomes
  (Atkinson, 1958/1983 McClelland, 1987).

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WHAT IS MOTIVATION?

• Most psychologists define motivation as the
  psychological feature that arouses an organism to
  action toward a desired goal or the reason for
  the action.
• The difference or gap between what needs to be
  done and what is not being done can be closed
  using motivation.

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MOTIVATION

• When we are motivated, we are driven to engage in
  some form of behavior. Every time we are
  motivated to do many different things. For
  instance, we are motivated to eat, drink, attend
  school, go to work, interact with family and
  friends, and so on.
• Not all are motivated by the same values, needs,
  desires or wants.
• Some will be motivated by the approval of others
  some by overcoming challenges.

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MOTIVATION

• Motivation is the characteristic that helps you
  achieve your goal.
• Psychologists define motivation as an internal
  process that activates, guides, and maintains
  behavior over time.
• Four central areas of human motivation food,
  love, sex and achievement.
• Think of one or more significant others whom you
  would consider to be your source of motivation.
• How this people motivate you?

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MOTIVATION

• Motivation originates from a variety of sources
  (need, cognition, and emotions), and these
  internal processes energize and direct behavior
  in multiple ways (starting, sustaining,
  intensifying, focusing, and stopping the
  particular behavior.
• Intrinsic motivation, the desire to do something
  for its own sake and the pleasure it brings.
• Extrinsic motivation, the desire to do something
  for external rewards.

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MOTIVATION

• SUMMARY
• The best possible definition would be that it is
  an internal state that activates behaviour and
  gives it direction, then that will align the
  persons energy to that direction, which becomes
  a goal. The influence of that goal, creates an
  intensity on the behaviour, and the person
  experiences an arousal that exhibits persistence
  in his or her behaviour.
•  

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WHAT IS ACHIEVEMENT?

• ...according to Murray's list of basic human need
  "achievement is described as to overcome
  obstacle, and attain a high standard or to rival
  and surpass others or to strive and to master"
• ...is the driving force to do well relative to a
  standard of excellence (McClelland, Atkinson,
  Clark, Lowell, 1953)

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WHAT IS ACHIEVEMENT?

• People achieve more when they have specific,
  focused goals.
• When they set high but achievable goals for
  themselves.
• The motivation to achieve also depends on
• whether people set mastery (learning) goals, in
  which the focus is on learning the task well,
• or performance goals, in which the focus is on
  performing well for others.

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WHAT IS ACHIEVEMENT?

• Mastery goals lead to persistence in the face of
  failures and setbacks performance goals often
  lead to giving up after failure.
• Peoples expectations can create self-fulfilling
  prophecies of success or failure.
• These expectations stem from ones level of
  self-efficacy.

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WHAT IS ACHIEVEMENT?

• Significant characteristic and processes of human
  achievement examines and distinguish achievements
  from failure how we define achievement, or
  failure.
• Based on the achievement motivation perspectives,
  David McClelland John Atkinsons study on
  nature of achievement motivation illustrates
  certain behavior activated by the achievement
  motive

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RESEARCH ON MOTIVATION

• There are two distinct approaches to the study of
  motivation.
• First is a product of academic, experimental
  procedures,
• Second is an outgrowth of clinical,
  non-experimental methods.

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RESEARCH ON MOTIVATION

• All investigators in this field are guided by a
  single basic question, namely, Why do organisms
  think and behave as they do?
• Quantitative and qualitative measurement of human
  achievement, for eg.
• Hermans (1970) Prestatic Motivation Test (PMT)
• Jackson (1974) Personal Research Form (PRF)

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What does the research onmotivation tell us?

• The research on motivation defines motivation as
  an orientation toward a goal. (This orientation
  may be positive, negative, or ambivalent.)
• Motivation provides a source of energy that is
  responsible for why learners decide to make an
  effort, how long they are willing to sustain an
  activity, how hard they are going to pursue it,
  and how connected they feel to the activity.

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What does the research onmotivation tell us?

• Much of the research on motivation has confirmed
  the fundamental principle of causality
  motivation affects effort, effort affects
  results, positive results lead to an increase in
  ability.