Breast Cancer

1
Breast Cancer

• Liz Ignatious, Maddie Ticer, Molly Houlahan

2
What is breast cancer?

• Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in
  the cells of the breas
• Mostly found in women but not can rarely be found
  in men
• Most of the time it is carcinoma, which means
  that the cancer began in the inner lining of the
  breast

3
Causes

• Breast calls begin to grow abnormally
• Cells divide more rapidly than healthy cells and
  the accumulating extra cells form a tumor
• Only 5-10 of cases are linked to gene mutations.
  BRCA1 and BRCA2 are two genes that, if found, can
  increase the chance of having breast or ovarian
  cancer

4
Causes

• Other risk factors include
• race
• age when you begin menstrual cycle
• breasts being exposed to radiation early in life

5
Effects

• thickening breast tissue (forming lumps)
• breast turning red and hot
• swelling lymph nodes all over the body
• spreading to other parts of the body (known as
  metalistic)

6
Effects

• If cancer is spread to the bones, it can cause
  severe pain and easy breaking.
• If cancer spreads to the brain, it can cause
  changes in personality, confusion, loss of
  balance and muscle weakness.

7
STAGES

• Stages I-IV
• (Stage 0 is when no signs of cancer are detected)

8
Stage I

• Invasive breast cancer
• Stage IA- Tumor found and can measure up to 2
  centimeters and has not yet spread anywhere
• Stage IB- Small groups of cancer cells detected

9
Stage II

• Stage IIA- Tumor found between 2 and 5
  centimeters and has spread to lymph nodes
• Stage IIB- larger than 5 cm

10
Stage III

• Stage IIIA- Cancer is any size and has spread to
  lymph nodes
• Stage IIIB- Cancer has spread to the chest and
  skin of the breast. (Known as inflammatory)
• Stage IIIC- Cancer has spread to the chest and
  below the collarbone

11
Stage IV

• The cancer has now spread beyond the breast and
  has no definite location. Cancerous lymph nodes
  are found on vital organs such as the brain,
  heart, lungs, skins and bones.
• This stage is known as "advanced" or "metastatic"

12
Breast Exam
Ways it is detected

• Some signs of Breast Cancer that are checked for
  during a breast exam include...
• Enlarged lumps
• Nodules- A small swelling or aggregation of cells
  in the body
• Swelling
• Thickening

13
Biopsy

• An examination of tissue removed from a living
  body to discover the presence, cause, or extent
  of a disease.
• Some types of biopsies include...
• Fine Needle Aspiration- The removal of tissue or
  fluid with a needle for examination under a
  microscope. (uses a smaller needle)
• Core Needle- (uses a larger needle)
• Surgical- All or part of a lump is removed and
  checked for cancer.

14
Mammography

• A technique using X-rays to diagnose and locate
  breast tumors.
• Diagnostic sonography (ultrasonography) is an
  ultrasound-based diagnostic imaging technique
  used to visualize subcutaneous body structures.

Ultrasound
15
Treatments

• 1. Surgery Mastectomies Lumpectomies
• (Literally removing (Only the lump
  is
• a breast) removed from the breast)
• 2. Radiation Therapy-Systematic therapy sues
  radioactive substances, such as radioactive
  iodine, that travel in the blood to kill cancer
  cells.
• 3. Chemotherapy- The treatment of cancer by
  cytotoxic and other drugs

16

• 4. Hormone Therapy- There are certain hormones
  that can attach to breast cancer cells and affect
  their ability to multiply.
• 5. Biological Therapy- Biological therapy for
  breast cancer takes advantage of the body's own
  immune or hormonal system to act on cancer cells
  - while leaving healthy cells relatively intact.

17
Is there a cure?

• Breast cancers are cured on a daily basis -
  mostly through surgery. But sometimes additional
  radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy is given.

18
Prevention

• No way to prevent it
• Lowering risks
• avoid alcohol intake
• regular, intentional physical activity
• Higher risk for women with breast cancer of women
  with breast cancer in their families

19
Support Groups

• http//bcsupport.org/
• http//www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/index?gc
  lidCL_o5baK8rMCFelDMgodLCAA9A
• http//www.breastcancer.org/treatment/comp_med/typ
  es/group

20
Male Breast Cancer
21
Breast Cancer
22
Sources

• http//www.cancer.org/healthy/morewaysacshelpsyous
  taywell/breastcancer?gclidCLmyrMaJ8rMCFUZgMgodDEM
  AGw
• http//www.uhhospitals.org/seidman/services/breast
  -cancer-care-team?gclidCMjA_vaJ8rMCFe5FMgodTy8Azw
  
• http//www.breastcancer.org/
• http//www.cancer.org/cancer/breastcancer/index