Integrated Water Resources Management and Water Safety Plans

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• Integrated Water Resources Management and Water
  Safety Plans
• Are there any links?

Dr Rainer E. Enderlein Regional expert, UNECE,
Geneva
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• Acknowledgment
• The following presentation uses pictures and
  graphs kindly prepared by my colleagues from
  DHI/Denmark and WHO/EURO graphs from the WHO
  publication on water safety plans and a lecture
  from New Zealand, downloaded from the Internet

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• IWRM is a process,
• which promotes the coordinated development and
  management of water, land and related resources
• in order to maximize the resultant economic and
  social welfare in an equitable manner
• without
• compromising
• the sustainability
• of vital ecosystems
• (GWP, 2004)

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• Implementing an IWRM process is a question of
  getting three pillars right (GWP, 2004)
• moving towards an enabling environment
  (policies, strategies and legislation for
  sustainable water resources management,
• putting in place the institutional framework
  (to implement the policies, strategies and
  legislation),
• setting up the management instruments (required
  by the institutions to do their job)

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BANG!

Ecosystem services examined and taken into
account
Good agricultural practice applied
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Payments for ecosystem services considered
BANG!

Ecosystem services examined and taken into
account
Good agricultural practice applied
7
Reservoir releases negotiated
BANG!

Ecosystem services examined and taken into
account
Groundwater use regulated
Good agricultural practice applied
8
Municipal wastewater standards enforced
Water pollution control from mining and
manufacturing implemented
Reservoir releases negotiated
BANG!

Ecosystem services examined and taken into
account
Groundwater use regulated
Good agricultural practice applied
9
Municipal wastewater standards enforced
Impact on the marine environment (Black Sea)
considered
Water pollution control from mining and
manufacturing implemented
Reservoir releases negotiated
BANG!

Ecosystem services examined and taken into
account
Groundwater use regulated
Good agricultural practice applied
10
Municipal wastewater standards enforced
Impact on the marine environment (Caspian Sea)
considered
Climate change adaptation measures considered
Water pollution control from mining and
manufacturing implemented
Reservoir releases negotiated
BANG!

Ecosystem services examined and taken into
account
Groundwater use regulated
Good agricultural practice applied
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IWRM importance for water supply and sanitation

• Water management policies, strategies and
  legislation also comprise water use for drinking
  water and discharge of waste water
• Water-quality standards and pollution charges are
  part of the legislation
• Monitoring of surface waters and groundwater as
  well as source water quality

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By the time monitoring shows that drinking-water
maybe / is microbiologically contaminated many
people may have been infected (in some cases
fatally).
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Abstraction
BANG!

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Abstraction
BANG!

Sub-basin (catchment)
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Catch-
ment
Chemicals
Excrement
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Accident
Sabotage
Illegal

•  

Connection
Catch-
Treat-
ment
ment
Distribution
Chemicals
Animals, birds
in reservoir
Backflow
Excrement
Microbes
Cross-connections
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• Two principal concepts
• Product Quality Control (QC) monitors compliance
  with standards
• QC tells us that something has gone wrong after
  it had happened.

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• Two principal concepts
• Product Quality Control (QC) monitors compliance
  with standards
• QC tells us that something has gone wrong after
  it had happened.
• Process Quality Assurance (QA) uses risk
  management
• QA tries to stop that something is going wrong.

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• Water Safety Plans are a major Quality Assurance
  (QA) tool for drinking water quality management

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• Water safety plan
• The objectives of a water safety plan are to
  ensure safe drinking-water through good water
  supply practice to
• Prevent contamination of source waters
• Treat the water to reduce or remove
  contamination to the extent necessary to meet the
  water quality targets and
• Prevent re-contamination during storage,
  distribution and handling of drinking-water.

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• What are the hazards ?
• What events could occur ?
• What could be their effect on public health?

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HAZARD
CONSEQUENCE
EVENT
Chlorinator fails
People are sick
E. Coli
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• For each event
• How severe would the public health consequences
  be? Severity
• How likely is the event to happen ? Frequency

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• Decide the order of priority for managing each
  risk use a benefit/cost approach
• Decide the order in which to make improvements
• Develop a programme for managing the risks

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• Prepare an improvement schedule, taking into
  account the available resource
• Define the responsibilities for implementing the
  plan
• Specify a date for reviewing the plan

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• The WSP is one of the sets of drinking water
  quality management tools available to regulators
  and suppliers.
• The use of the WSP and IWRM tools should be
  integrated, so that they combine to function as a
  mutually supporting system.

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Water supply and sanitation being improved
BANG!

Integrated Water Resources Management being
implemented