Density

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Density
States of Matter
Heat Temp
Properties Of Matter
Mixed Bag
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Define density.
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1. The mass per unit volume2. The amount of
matter in a given space 3. The compactness of a
substance 4. The mass of 1 cm3 of a substance
5. M/V
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If a wooden block has the dimensions of 2cm x
2cm x 2cm and a mass of 8 grams, what is its
density?
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1 g/cm3
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Below is a chart of different liquids and their
densities. If you were to pour them into a
graduated cylinder, list them in order from
bottom to top.
Liquid Gasoline Maple Syrup Motor Oil
Density (g/mL) 0.7 1.3 0.8
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The maple syrup would sit at the bottom, the
motor oil would sit in the middle and the
gasoline would sit on the top.
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Pretend you are given a round marble to calculate
the density of. Describe how you can accomplish
this task in 3 detailed steps.
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1. Take the mass of the marble. 2. Fill a
graduated cylinder. Record its volume, then add
the marble and record the new volume. Subtract
to determine the volume of the marble alone.3.
Divide the mass by the volume to obtain the
density.
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So, lets say I have a large, irregularly shaped
block of aluminum. Im really lazy and I dont
feel like measuring the volume of the block, plus
I dont have a graduated cylinder big enough. I
decide to measure the mass of the block with my
handy-dandy balance and then, by some stoke of
genius, I remember that the density of aluminum
is 2.7 g/cm3. Hooray. The mass of my block is
100 g. What is the volume of my block in cm3?
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37.04 cm3
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Define and give an example of an endothermic and
exothermic reaction.
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Endothermic-heat has to be addedex-melting,
boiling, sublimationExothermic-heat has to be
removedex-freezing, condensing
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Describe the motion of particles in all three
states of matter.
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Solid-particles just vibrate in
placeLiquid-particles slide past one
anotherGas-particles move all over, bouncing and
colliding
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What happens to the mass of a substance as it
goes through a change in phase?
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The mass does not change. Mass can not be
created or lost during a change in phase, or any
other change for that matter.
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Look at the phase change graph. What happens to
the temperature of the substance as it melts from
a solid and turns into a liquid at point A. Why?
A
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The temperature of a substance stays the same
during a phase change. During a change in phase,
all the energy being added goes to break the
attraction that holds the particles together.
Once the attraction has been broken, the
temperature will increase again.
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Look at the phase change graph. What state of
matter would be present at point 1? What
happens to the substance at point 4?
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At point 1, the substance would be a solid. At
point 4, the substance would be boiling.
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Define absolute zero.
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All particles that make up matter move. At
absolute zero, all motion of the particles stops.
This has never been done in a laboratory
setting.
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Define and give an example of radiation,
convection and conduction.
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Radiation transfer of heat through matter or
space as waves Ex-sitting in front of a fire,
Convection transfer of heat by the movement
of liquid or gas Ex-a pot of boiling water, a
heater in a swimming pool. Conduction the
transfer of heat from one substance to another by
direct contact. Ex-A metal spoon gets hot by
sitting in a bowl of hot soup.
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What is kinetic energy? How does it relate to
temperature?
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Kinetic energy is how fast particles are moving.
The higher the kinetic energy is, the higher the
temperature is. Temperature is an average
measure of how fast the particles are moving.
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What is thermal equilibrium?
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Heat always moves from an area of higher
temperature to an area of lower temperature.
When those two areas reach the same temperature,
thermal equilibrium has been reached.
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Which of the following materials is the best
conductor of heat? Which would be the worst?
Metal, Tile, Styrofoam or Wood?
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Best-MetalWorst-Styrofoam
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Lets say I take a piece of paper and I crumple it
up. Is this an example of a physical or chemical
change? Why? Now lets say I take that same
piece of paper and I light it on fire. Is this a
physical or chemical change? Why?
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Crumpled paper-a physical change. I am not
changing the chemical properties of the paper,
just its physical appearance. I can undo the
change by smoothing out the paper.
Fire-chemical change. The paper is no longer
paper, I have changed the paper into something
else. I cant undo it.
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Define and give an example of a physical property
and a chemical property.
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Physical-properties that can be observed without
changing the identity of the substance,
ex-malleability, ductility, density,
melting/boiling point, conductivity, solubility,
etc. Chemical-the ability of a substance to
change into a new substance with different
properties, ex-ability to burn, ability to react
with oxygen, and acids.
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What is a characteristic property? Name 3 that
we learned about.
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A characteristic property is a property that is
unique to that substance. It can be used to
identify an unknown substance and does not depend
on the quantity that you have.
Examples-density, melting/boiling points and
solubility
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Match the name of the property to its definition.
Name Description
A. Malleability How much space something takes up
B. Ductility The ability to dissolve into another substance
C. Solubility How much matter makes something up
D. Electrical conductivity The ability to be flattened into a sheet
E. Boiling point The ability to be pulled into a wire
F. Mass The ability to conduct electricity
G. Volume The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas
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Name Description
A. Malleability G. How much space something takes up
B. Ductility C. The ability to dissolve into another substance
C. Solubility F. How much matter makes something up
D. Electrical conductivity A. The ability to be flattened into a sheet
E. Boiling point B. The ability to be pulled into a wire
F. Mass D. The ability to conduct electricity
G. Volume E. The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas
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What are three things that all matter has?
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Volume, mass and the particles that make it up
move.
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What tool would you use to measure the volume of
a square shaped block?What tool would use you to
measure the volume of a metal kitchen spoon?
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Block-use a ruler to measure the sidesSpoon-use
a graduated cylinder and the volume displacement
method
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What are the units you would use to describe
volume? Mass? Density?
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Volume of a solid cm3Volume of a liquid or
gasml3MassgramsDensity of a solidg/cm3
Density of a liquid or gas g/ml3
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Titanium has a density of 4.6 g/cm3. You find a
sample of titanium that has a volume of 10.0 cm3.
What is the mass of the sample you found rounded
to the nearest tenth?
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46 grams
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Which block, A or B has the greater mass? Which
has the greater volume?
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Block A has the greater mass, they have the same
volume.
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I have 2 large blocks of marble. I decide to
take one and leave it alone. I decide to take
the other and create a beautiful sculpture. Then
I decide to calculate the density of the marble.
Does it matter which I use the uncut block or
the sculpture? Why?
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No, it doesnt matter. The density will not
change even if the shape of the marble block
changes. Density is a characteristic property
and it doesnt matter how much of it you have or
what the shape of it is, the density will not
change.