????????? n ???????????????????????????????? m ??????????????? ?? ????????? c ???? m = nc - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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????????? n ???????????????????????????????? m ??????????????? ?? ????????? c ???? m = nc

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Title: Author: k Last modified by: PATANA Created Date: 5/29/2003 7:27:52 AM Document presentation ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: ????????? n ???????????????????????????????? m ??????????????? ?? ????????? c ???? m = nc


1
???????????????????
???????
????????? n ???????????????????????????????? m
??????????????? ?? ????????? c ???? m nc
??? n m ??? n ??? m ?????
???? 4 8
??? n m ??? n ??? m ????????
???? 4 9
2
????????
2 8 ??????????????????????? 4 ???? 8
(2)(4)
-3 15 ??????????????????????? -5 ???? 15
(-3)(-5)
5 18 ?????????????????????????? c ????
18 (5)(c)
3
?????????? 1
????? a ????????????? ??? a 0
???? (1) a 0 (2) 1 a
(3) a a
???????
?????
???????
??????
(1) ??????????? 0 ?????????
??????? a 0
0 (a)(0)
a (1)(a)
??????? 1 a
(2) ??????????? a ?????????
(3) ??????????? 1 ?????????
a (a)(1)
??????? a a
4
?????????? 2 ??? a b ??? b c ????
a c
???????
???????? a b ?????????? ????????????? d
????
b ad (1)
???????? b c ?????????? ????????????? e
????
c be .(2)
???????? (1) ??? (2) ???????? c
(ad)e a(de) (3)
????????? d , e ????????????? ??????? de
?????????????
??????? ??? (3) ??? ?????????? ???????? a
c
5
?????????? 3 ??? a ??? b
???????????????????? a b
?????
???????
(????????????????? )
???????? a b ?????????? ????????????? c
???? b ac
b - a ac - a a (c -1)
( ????????? a , b , c ???????????????? )
???????
?????
???????
6
?????????? 4 ??? a , b ??? c
????????????????? a b ??? a c ????? a
(bx cy) ?????? x ??? y ????????????????
???????
???????? a b ??????? ????????????? m ????
b am
???????? a c ??????? ????????????? n ????
c an
??????? bx (am)x a(mx)
cy (an)y a(ny)
??????????? bx cy a(mx) a(ny)
bx cy a(mx ny)
??? (mx ny) ?????????????
????? a (bx cy)
7
????????
????????? ??? n ???????????? ???? 4 ??? n2-
1 ?????
???????
????????? n ????????????
????? n 2k - 1 ????? k
?????????????
(2k - 1)2 - 1
??????? n2 - 1
4k2 - 4k 1 - 1
4 (k2 - k)
, k2 - k ?????????????
??????? 4 n2 - 1
8
????????
??? d ???????????????????? d (15k 27)
???d (5k 2) ??????? d
??????
d (15k 27) - 3(5k 2)
( ?????. ??? 4)
????????
d 15k 27 - 15k -10
d 17
???????
d 1 ????
17
??????? ??? k 3
????? 17 102 ??? 17 17
????????????
9
????????
??? a (2p - 3q) ??? a (4p - 5q)
????????? a q
??????
????????? a (2p -3q)
2p - 3q
a x
????????
, x ?????????????
. (1)
. (2)
4p - 5q
a y
???
, y ?????????????
.(3)
4p - 6q 2ax
?? 2 ???????? (1) ?????
q ay - 2ax
(2) - (3) ?????
a (y - 2x)
, y - 2x ?????????????
??????? a q
?????????
????? ????????? a q ??????????????? q
a ( )
10
?????????? (prime numbers)
????????? p 0 ??????????????????????????
p 1 , -1???????????? x ??? p ?????
????? x 1, -1, p , -p
?????????????? x ????????????????????????????
0 , 1 , -1
??? ???????????
11
?????????? 5 (??????????????????????????) ????
????? n ?????????? 1 ??????????????????????????
???????? ?????????????? ????

????????????????????
???? 4725 ??????????????????????????????????
12
??????? ??? n ??????????????????? n gt 1
??? n ??????????????? ??????????????????
p ???? ??? p n
??????????????????
??? n ????????????? ?????? n gt 1 ???
????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????
??? n ???????????? n
??????????????
13
???????? ???????????? 221
?????????????????????????????
??????
14
15
??????? ????????????? ???????????????????
???
2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13
????????????????????????????????? 221 ?????
13 221
??? 221 13 (17)
??????? 221 ???????????????
14
???????? ???????????? 211
?????????????????????????????
??????
14
15
??????? ????????????? ???????????????????
???
2 , 3 , 5 , 7 , 11 , 13
????????????????????????????????? 211 ?????
????? ??????????????? 211 ?????
??????? 211 ??????????????
15
?????????? 6
?????????????? (Division algorith)
??? m ??? n ????????????? n 0
????????????? q ??? r???????????? m nq
r ??? ????? q
???????? ???????? r ??????
?????
???
????
5 ??? -28 ?????
- 28
5(-6)
2
45 (-2)(-22) 1
-2 ??? 45
?????
?????
???
16
???????
????????? a ?????????????? ????????????????????
?
a 2m ????? m ?????????????
6 ???????????? ?????
6 2(3)
????????? a ?????????????? ????????????????????
?
a 2m 1 ????? m ?????????????
9 ???????????? ?????
9 2(4) 1
17
???????
?????????????? a , b ???? a2 b2
???????????? d??????????????????? (?.?.?.) ???
a , b ??????????
1. d a ??? d b
2. ??? c ????????????????? c a ??? c
b ???????? c d
?.?.?. ????????????? a , b ????????????
??????? ( a , b)
??? d (a,b) ?????????????? d
????????????????a ??? b ?????????
d ax by
????? x , y ?????????????
18
????????
???? ?.?.?. ??? -24 ??? 56
???????????????????
??????
???? (-24 , 56) ????????????????????????????
24(2)
56
8
0
8(3)
24
???????????????? ??????????? 0
8
??????? (-24 , 56)
??????????? ?.?.?. ???????????????????????????
8
56(1) - 24(2)
56(1) (-24)(2)
19
????????
???? (56,72)
??????
?? ?.?.?. ??????????????????
72
3
56
1
56
48
2
16
8
16
0
2
??????? ( 56 , 72)
20
????????
1. ???? (56 ,72)
2. ???? ????? m ??? n ???? (56 ,72)
56m 72n
??????
1. ?? ?.?.?. ????????????????
?????
2.
??????????????
72
56(1) 16
8
56 - 16(3)
??? (2)
.(1)
56 - 72 - 56(1) (3)
??? (1)
56
16(3)
8
.(2)
56 - 72(3) 56(3)
16
8(2)
0
56(4) - 72(3)
??????? ( 56 , 72 ) 8
56(4) 72(-3)
??????? m
4 ,
n
3
21
?????????? 7 ?????????????? m , n
????????????? p
??? p mn ????? p m ???? p n
???? 7 28
7 4(7)
????????
7 7
7 14
????
7 2(14)
????????
??????????
????
3 24
3 12(2)
????????
3 12
22
?????????? 8 ??? d ( m , n ) ??? m
Md , n Nd ?????
1 ( M , N )
???????
??? d (m ., n) ?????
d mx ny ,
????? d Mdx Ndy
???????
1 Mx Ny
1 (M , N)
????
2 ( 6 , 8 ) ??? 6 3(2) , 8
4(2) ????? 1 (3 , 4)
23
??????? ??? m , n ?????????????????????????
??? c ?????????????????? (?.?.?.) ???
m ??? n ?????????? 1. m c ??? n c2.
??? a ????????????????? m a ??? n a
???? c a ?.?.?. ?????????????????? m ??? n
???????????? m , n
???????? ????? ?.?.?. ??? 6 ??? 8
30 ,
36 ,
42 ,
48 ,
54 , . . .
12 ,
????????? 6 ??????
6 ,
18 ,
24 ,
????????? 8 ??????
8 ,
16 ,
32 ,
40 ,
48 ,
56 ,
64 , ...
24 ,
???????????????????????? 6 ??? 8 ???
24
???? 6 , 8 24
24
????????
???? ?.?.?. ??? 6 ??? 8
?? 2 ??? 6 ??? 8
??????
2
6
8
???????????????????????? 2 ??????????
3
4
??????? ?. ?. ?. ???
???? ?.?.?. ???
2
25
???????? ???? ?.?.?. ??? ?.?.?. ??? 12
??? 20
??????
12
20
2
6
2
10
3
5
??????? ?.?.?. ???
?.?.?. ???
26
?????????? 9 ??? d ??? c ???? ?.?.?.
??? ?.?.?. ????????????? ?????????
m ??? n ???????? ???????? dc mn
????
4 (12 , 20 ) ??? 60 (12 , 20)
?????
4 (60) 12 (20)
????????
??? a ??????????????????? (a , 6 ) 2
??? a , 6 24
??????? a
??????
????????????? 9 ?????
a (6)
2 (24)
a 8
27
????? (Congruent , ????????????)
??????? ????? a , b , m ???????????????? m gt
0 ????????
a ???????? b ?????? m ????????????
??????????
2
5 3 (mod 2)
(5 - 3)
????
?????????
2
(3 -5 )
3 5 (mod 2)
?????????
6 (27 - 4)
27 4 (mod 6)
?????????
28
???????? ????????????????????????????
1. 12 2 (mod 5)
???
????????
5 (12 - 2)
6 (27 - 4)
2. 27 4 (mod 6)
???
????????
5 (-3 - (-23))
????????
???
3. - 3 - 23 (mod 5)
79 - 9 (mod 11)
11 (79 - (-9) )
4.
???
????????
????????
8 (25 - 4)
5. 25 4 (mod 8)
???
29
???????
??? a , b , c , m ????????????? ?????? m gt 0
a a (mod m)
1. ???????????????????? I
a b (mod m)
???
2. ???????????????????? I
???? b a (mod m)
3. ????????????????????? I
a b (mod m)
b c (mod m)
???
???
a c (mod m)
????
30
?????????
???
a b (mod m)
m (a - b)
m (a - b)
???
a - b n m
????????
, n ?????????????
???
???????
a n m b
??????? a ??????? m ???? ???????? b
????
30 2 (mod 7)
?????????????????
1. 7 ??? ( 30 - 2) ?????
2. 7 ??? 30 ???????????? 2
( a b (mod m) ????????????? b
??????????????????? b lt m )
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