EUROPA

1
Baseline characteristics
2
Patient flow
3
424 centres 12 218 patients
4
Not randomised
5
Baseline characteristics
Perindopril (mean ? SD) Placebo (mean ? SD)
Age (yrs) 60 ? 9 60 ? 9
Male () 86 85
Weight (kg) 81 ? 12 80 ? 12
HR (bpm) 68 ? 10 68 ? 10
SBP (mmHg) 137 ? 16 137 ? 15
DBP (mmHg) 82 ? 8 82 ? 8
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Medical history
Perindopril () Placebo ()
Myocardial infarction 64.9 64.7
Revascularisation 54.7 55.2
Stroke / TIA 3.4 3.3
Heart failure 1.3 1.2
Peripheral vascular disease 7.1 7.4
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Risk factors
Perindopril () Perindopril () Placebo ()
Hypertension Hypertension 27.0 27.2
Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus 11.8 12.8
Hypercholesterolaemia Hypercholesterolaemia 63.3 63.3
Current smoker Current smoker 15.4 15.1
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Baseline medication
Perindopril () Placebo ()
Platelet inhibitors 91.9 92.7
?-blockers 62.0 61.3
Lipid lowering drugs 57.8 57.3
Nitrates 42.8 43.0
Ca-blockers 31.7 31.0
Diuretics 9.1 9.4
Oral anticoagulants 4.4 4.2
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Results
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Primary endpoint
CV death, MI or cardiac arrest
Placebo
Perindopril
Years
Placebo annual event rate 2.4
11
Primary and first secondary endpoint
12
Sub-groups analysis
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Sub-groups analysis
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Sub-groups analysis
92 patients on platelet inhibitors
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Secondary endpoints
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Fatal and non fatal MI
()
Placebo
Perindopril
17
Hospitalisation for heart failure
Placebo
Perindopril
18
Blood pressure
?SBP 5 mmHg ?DBP 2 mmHg
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Adherence to treatment
20
Withdrawal from treatment
Perindopril Placebo
Cough 2.7 0.5
Hypotension 1.0 0.3
Kidney failure 0.3 0.3
Intolerance 2.4 1.3
Study end-point 6.2 7.5
Hypertension 0.4 0.8
Refuse to continue 4.3 4.2
Other reason 5.7 5.8