4.01 Fashion Merchandising

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4.01Fashion Merchandising

• Identify basic textile fibers, fabrics, and their
  characteristics.

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Part I 1. Fiber

• Is the basic unit that makes fabric
• Is the smallest unit in a textile (fabric)
• Denier is the thickness or diameter of a fiber.
• 2 Types
• Natural Fibers
• Manufactured Fibers

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2. Natural Fibers

• Comes from natural sources, such as plants and
  animals.
• Natural fibers derived from plants are
  cellulosic.
• Protein fibers are derived from animals or
  insects.
• Some natural fibers are
• Cotton, Silk, Wool, Flax or Linen, Leather,
• and Fur

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3. Cotton

• The most widely used of all natural fibers.
• A soft, white, downy fiber that is strong and
  durable, cool to wear, and is commonly used in
  underwear and socks.

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4. Silk

• The fine, lustrous fiber that comes from the
  cocoon of a worm.
• An animal fiber.

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5. Wool

• The natural fiber that forms the coat of sheep
  and is commonly used in coats and blankets.
• Warmest of all natural fibers.
• An animal fiber.

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6. Flax or Linen

• Comes from the stem of a flax plant.
• Linen is made by weaving or knitting flax fiber
  into fabric.

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7. Leather

• A tough, flexible material made by preserving
  animal hides through a process called tanning.

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8. Fur

• The soft, hair coat of an animal used primarily
  for coats, outwear and trimmings.

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9. Manufactured Fibers

• Fibers that are man-made and begin as thick
  liquids.
• Created by combining various substances with
  chemicals.
• Some manufactured fibers are
• Polyester, Nylon, Acetate, Spandex, and Acrylic

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10. Polyester

• A manufactured fiber made from coal or petroleum,
  often blended with other fibers, and has great
  washability.
• Disposable plastic bottles are recycled into
  polyester fiber and is used to make fabric for
  t-shirts and filling for pillows.

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11. Nylon

• The first manufactured fiber made totally from
  chemicals.

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12. Acetate

• A manufactured fiber is silky and luxurious and
  is often used in neckties and lingerie.

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13. Spandex

• Known for its ability to stretch
• Easily damaged by chlorine bleach

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14. Acrylic

• Resembles wool
• Soft and warm

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Part II 15. Fabric Construction

• Yarns are made from fibers twisted together or
  laid side by side to form a continuous strand.
• Blends are created by combining different fibers
  into one yarn

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16.Turning Yarn into Fabric

• Grain the direction of the lengthwise and
  crosswise yarns or threads in a woven fabric.
• Bias the diagonal grain of a fabric. The bias
  provides the greatest give or stretch in the
  fabric.

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Turning Yarn into Fabric (cont.)

• Warp yarns Yarns that run lengthwise in woven
  fabric.
• Weft yarns yarns that run crosswise in woven and
  knitted fabric.

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17. Weaving

• Interlaces two sets of yarns that are at right
  angles to each other to make fabric.
• 3 Basic Types
• Plain, Twill, and Satin

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18. Plain Weave

• The simplest of all weaves.

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19. Twill Weave

• Creates diagonal ridges on the surface of the
  fabric resulting in a strong and durable fabric
  such as denim.
• Denim is a twill weave.

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20. Satin Weave

• Satin weave produces a smooth, shiny surfaced
  fabric.

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21. Knitting

• A method of constructing fabrics by looping yarns
  together.
• The number of stitches, or loops, per inch in a
  knitted fabric is gauge.

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22. Nonwoven Fabric

• Constructed by compacting fibers together using a
  combination of moisture, heat chemicals,
  friction, and/or pressure.
• Felt

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Part III 23. Fabric Finishing

• Finishing - applying colors, design or surface
  treatments that change the look, feel, or
  performance of fabric.
• Mechanical and chemical - the two categories of
  finishes applied to fabric, yarn or fibers to
  change the appearance, performance, or feel.

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Fabric Finishing (cont.)

• Bleaching the chemical process that remove
  color, impurities, or spots from fibers.