U.S. and WWII

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U.S. and WWII

• From Neutrality to Intervention

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Good Neighbor Policy

• Roosevelt Announced during his inaugural address
  (1933)
• We would oppose armed intervention in Latin
  American affairs
• In response to increasing tensions/conflicts
• We will respect the rights of others

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• This nation will remain a neutral nation, but I
  cannot ask that every American remain neutral in
  thought as well.
• - Franklin Roosevelt, 1939

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Neutrality Tested

• No question that U.S. favored Allied Powers
• What would it take for the U.S. to assist them?
• At the very least, Roosevelt believed we should
  make armaments available to Allied armies

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Neutrality Acts (1935-36-37)

• Only trade non-military goods with nations at war
• President to warn Americans from travelling in
  hostile waters
• (1937) Cash-and-Carry Policy

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Lend-Lease Agreement (1941)

• The U.S. could lend or lease armaments to any
  nation deemed pivotal to the defense of the
  United States.
• They would be returned after the war

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The Atlantic Charter, Aug.1941

• Called for certain common principles on which
  to base a better future for the world.
• Openly called for the final destruction of the
  Nazi tyranny.
• Statement of war aims?

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War Spending

• 1941
• Budget 9 Billion
• GNP 91 Billion
• Debt 49 Billion

• 1945
• 100 Billion
• 166 Billion
• 259 Billion

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Zoot-suits
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Native-American Soldiers
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• See WWII in the Pacific PPT Notes here
• Then, return here to see the end of the war in
  Europe. Remember, it isnt until 1944 that the
  U.S., British, Australian, and Canadian forces
  retake France.

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• D-Day Invasion
• June 6, 1944 Invasion to retake France
• Thousands of planes, ships, tanks, landing craft,
  and 3.5 million troops
• American, Canadian, French and British forces
• Among the Americans alone, 3,000 died

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June 6, 1944 D-Day

• Aug 25, 1944 Paris Liberated
• By September France, Belgium,
• and Luxemburg Liberated
• Dec 44-Jan 45 - Battle of the Bulge
• May 7, 1945 Victory in Europe (VE) Day
• General Eisenhower accepted the unconditional
  surrender of the Third Reich

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• Yalta Conference
• Early Feb 1945, Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt met
• Decided upon unconditional surrender for Germany
• 4 Occupation zones
• demilitarization
• Soviet Union would enter war with Japan
• 3 months after the fighting in Europe ended
• Stalin would join the newly formed United Nations

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• Dresden, Germany
• February 13, 1945
• 4,000 tons of explosives dropped
• 35,000 135,000 dead
• Strategic, or payback for blitz?

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Hitler greeting his soldiers in Berlin, April
20, 1945
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Berlin Falls May 2, 1945 (VE Day May 8)
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• http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1
  /World_War_II_Casualties.svg

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• United Nations
• June, 1945
• 50 nations signed the UN Charter which pledged
  to save succeeding generations from the scourge
  of war.

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• The Security Council is made up of 15 member
  states, consisting of 5 permanent membersChina,
  France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United
  Statesand 10 non-permanent members

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War in the Pacific ends

• July 26, 1945 Potsdam Declaration issued
• August 6 First bomb dropped on Hiroshima
• August 8 Soviet Union invades Manchuria
• August 9 Second bomb dropped on Nagasaki
• August 15 Emperor Hirohito gives radio address
  declaring acceptance of Potsdam Declaration terms
• - (VJ, Victory over Japan Day)
• September 2 Japan surrenders in Tokyo Harbor to
  General Douglas MacArthur

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Truman Doctrine 1947

• U.S. must help free peoples who are resisting
  attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by
  outside pressures.
• Offer of financial and military support to
  Greece and Turkey (prevent instability)
• Beginning of containment philosophy

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Marshall Plan June
1947(European Recovery Program)

• Sec. Of State George Marshall
• We will offer financial aid to countries in
  Europe who want it
• Equal aid was offered to the Soviet Union

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Basketball reads European Recovery. Caption
Can he Stalin block it?
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The Second Red Scare / McCarthyism

• Korean War 1950-53
• Espionage Subversion
• -Hiss Case
• -Ethel Julius Rosenberg
• Partisan Politics

• Berlin Blockade (led to Airlift in 1948/49)
• Russia Detonates Bomb 1949
• Communist Victory in China (1949)