From Republic To Empire

1
From Republic To Empire

• SS.A.2.4.5 SS.B.2.4.1 SS.B.1.4.4

2
The Power of the Senate

• Fortune began to grow cruelfor greed destroyed
  honor, integrity and all other noble
  qualitiesSallust, 133 B.C.
• 200 BC All power lies with the Senate
• Most senatorsrich land owners/families
• Directed wars
• Controlled domestic foreign policy
• Controlled

3
Inequality Unrest

• Most land owned by rich
• Small farmers forced to cities poor
• Poor masses growing angry
• Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus, try to help, ask
  Council of the Plebes to pass land reforms
• Take land from rich, give to poor
• Reforms anger Senate, Senators kill Gracchus
  brothers

4
Military Fills In Gaps
5
New Roll For Roman Military

• Early Roman armysmall land owners
• Marius (consul of Rome in 107 BC) begins
  recruiting from citys poor, no land
• These new volunteers swore loyalty to Marius, not
  Rome/Senate- no gov. control
• To get land for army vets, Generals now involved
  in politics, Genpower
• Gens Sulla Marius fight civil war
• Sulla takes control of Rome (82 BC), and after
  killing all opposition, restores power to Senate

6
Marius Sulla
7
Collapse of the Republic

• 82-31 BC 50 years of Civil War
• Crassus, Pompey Julius Caesar rise
• First triumvirate
• Crassus dies in battle, Senate decides Pompey
  should be only ruler
• Caesar refuses to give up power, brings army
  across Rubicon River, attack Rome
• Pompey dies, Caesar only ruler left
• 45 BC Caesardictator assassinated 44 BC

8
Julius Caesar
9
Caesars Legacy

• Increased Senate to 900 members
• Gave land to poor
• New calendarJulian Calendar
• New buildings in Rome
• Running water for all
• Triumphs public parties marking his military
  victories

10
Caesars Empire 44 B.C.
11
Monument to Caesar
12
Caesar, Protector of Rome
13
The Julian Calendar

• Ianuarius 31
• Februarius 28
• Martius 31
• Aprilis 30
• Maius 31
• Iunius 30
• Quintilis (Iulius) 31
• Sextilis (Augustus) 31

• September 30
• October 31
• November 30
• December 31
• Intercalaris 0
• Total 365 days
• Leap year rather than Intercalaris

14
Second Triumvirate

• After Caesars death Octavian, Marc Antony,
  Lepidusafter few years, Lep out
• Caesar Octavian vs. Marc Antony
• 31 BC Octavian crushes joint army of Antony and
  Cleopatra VII of Egypt
• Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide
• At age 32, Octavian alone rules Roman
  Empirechanges name to Caesar Augustus (Age of
  Augustus 31 BC-AD 14)

15
Hail, Caesar Augustus!
16
Do Now Section Review

• Read Chapter 5, Section 2 (156-162)
• Turn to page 162, write and answer questions 1,
  2, 4, 5 7