Chapter 2 Minerals

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Chapter 2 Minerals

• Ms. Walk 2011

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Bell Work 10/24/11

• Today
• Notes - slides 1-6
• Get a new bell work sheet!!!
• Question What do you know about minerals?

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Minerals

1. A mineral is an inorganic (not formed from living
   things), solid material found in nature that has
   a definite crystal structure. There are 4000
   different minerals, most of which are made up
   from a combination of only 8 elements.
2. Rocks are usually made up of two or more minerals.

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Dietary Minerals

• any of a group of inorganic elements that are
  essential to humans and animals for normal body
  function.
• Dietary minerals are derived from the earth's
  crust. Plants extract the minerals from the soil,
  and humans and animals, in their turn, consume
  the plants.
• Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Sodium,
  Chlorine, Potassium, Sulfur, Iron, Cobalt,
  Chromium, Copper, Fluorine.
• http//nutrition.about.com/library/bl_minerals_qui
  z.htm

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Mineral Formation

• Minerals form in many different ways.
• - melted rock inside the earth (magma).
• - melted rock that reaches the earths surface
  (lava).
• -evaporation of water leaving minerals behind.
  (ocean water, salt in cup after ocean water
  evaporates)
• - precipitation of minerals suspended in water.
  (manganese nodules in ocean)

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Properties of Minerals

• Physical properties are identifiable items such
  as color, size, and texture things that can be
  observed or measured without changing or
  attempting to change the material.
• Crystals are solid minerals that have an orderly
  pattern of atoms. Crystal size and shape are very
  important identifying physical properties.

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• Cleavage and fracture is another clue to a
  minerals identity. In the way the mineral breaks
  defines what type of mineral it might be.
• Cleavage - split into pieces with smooth,
  regular planes that reflect light.

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Fracture mineral that breaks into pieces with
jagged or rough edges
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• Color offers a valuable way to identify
  mineral. Color can also be confusing, for example
  fools gold (pyrite) has the same color as real
  gold.
• Streak and luster Streak is when a sample is
  scraped across an unglazed, white tile, called a
  streak plate. Based on the color of the streak
  left on the plate you can better identify the
  mineral.
• Luster is how shiny, dull, or pearly a mineral
  is, based on how it reflects light.

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• Hardness minerals can be separated by how hard
  they are. This is done by doing a scratch test
  using the Mohs scale of hardness.

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• Density The amount of matter in a given space.
  Mass per unit of space.(heft) is how heavy a rock
  is compared to an equal amount of water.
• Common MO Minerals
• Galena (lead) Copper
• Fire Clay Barite
• Lime Zinc
• Cement Iron Oxide

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• Gemstones are minerals that are rare and can be
  cut and polished, giving them a beautiful
  appearance.
• Ores minerals that can be sold for a profit.

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• Rock cycle the continuous changing of rocks
  from one kind to another over a long period of
  time

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• Rocks
• Igneous Rock form when melted rock from inside
  Earth cools.
• a) Extrusive igneous melted rock cools on
  the Earths surface. Small crystal sizes
• Ex. Basalt
• b) Intrusive Igneous - Melted rock that cools
  below Earths surface. Larger crystal sizes
• Ex. Granite

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• Classifying igneous rocks
• Crystal size
• - fine grained crystals
• - coarse grained crystals
• - porphyritic (large and small crystals)
• 2. Mineral composition
• - light colored
• - dark colored

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Metamorphic Rocks New rocks that form when
existing rocks are heated or squeezed.
(Metamorphic means to change form)Granite to
gneisstwo types Foliated gneiss Nonfoliated
marble
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• Sedimentary Rocks Pieces of broken rock,
  shells, mineral grains, and other materials that
  collects in layers to form rock.

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• Detrital sedimentary rock fragments of
  weathered rocks compacted and cemented together.
  Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and shale are
  forms of detrital rock. From coarse pebbles to
  fine clays. Classified based on sediment size
  that forms the rock.
• Chemical sedimentary rocks formed when
  dissolved mineral come out of solution. Calcium
  carbonate is carried in solution in ocean water
  When calcium carbonate comes out of solution as
  calcite and many crystals grow together forms
  limestone.

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• Organic sedimentary rocks rocks made of the
  remains of once-living things. Chalk is an
  organic rock made of microscopic shells. Fossils
  are the major makeup organic rock.