The four major biomolecules

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The four major biomolecules

• Organic molecules part 1

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What are we going to learn?

• SB1.c
• Identify the function of the four major
  macromolecules (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins,
  lipids, nucleic acids).

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Biomolecules

• They are the foundation for the structure and
  function of every living cell in every organism.
• They are the building materials and the
  storehouse for energy.

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Carbohydrates

• AKA Carbs
• A carbohydrate is a simples sugar or a molecule
  composed of two or more simple sugars.
• It is composed of Carbon (C) , Hydrogen (H), and
  Oxygen (O) in a ratio of 121.

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More than one class...

• Monosaccharides are a single sugar molecule. An
  example is glucose.

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More than one class ....

• Oligosaccharides are a short chain of two or more
  bonded sugar units. An example is sucrose.

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More than one class ....

• Polysaccharides are long straight or branched
  chains of hundreds even thousands of sugar
  molecules in length. An example is starch.

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Lipids

• Are organic molecules that have more
  carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds and fewer oxygen
  carbohydrates.
• Commonly called fats, waxes and steroids.

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Wash with soap and hot water....

• Lipids do not dissolve in water

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What? We want fats?

• Used for long term energy storage, insulation,
  and protective coatings.
• Major component of plasma membranes.

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And so do plants?

• Waxes are long chains of fatty acids attached to
  an alcohol. Cutin is a wax that helps plants
  retain water.

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Proteins

• They are composed of amino acids made of carbon,
  hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.

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Here, there and everywhere...

• They help us contract our muscles, transport O2
  in the blood, and the immune system.
• They are also part of the plasma membrane.

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Nucleic Acids

• Nucleic acids are complex macromolecules that
  store information in cells in the form of a code.
• There are four different types of nucleotides
  used to form a nucleic acid.

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Basic structure

• The three parts of a nucleotide are a
  five-carbon sugar, a nitrogen containing base,
  and a phosphate group.

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