Insect Anatomy

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Insect Anatomy
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Classification

• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

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Arthropods

• Spiders, ticks, lobster, centipedes, and insects,
  among others
• Insects are members of the Phylum Arthropoda
  (jointed foot)
• an estimated 1 Million species of insects exist,
  of which lt0.1 are harmful to plants

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Arthropods

• Why are Arthropods so successful?
• Adaptability

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Arthropods

• Adaptability
• Specialized appendages
• Mole crickets, giant water bug, preying mantis

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• http//www.foxnews.com/science/2013/09/14/creature
  -with-interlocking-gears-on-legs/

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Arthropods

• Adaptability
• Exoskeleton (Invertebrates)
• Proportional strength
• Protection

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Body Sections

• HEAD - THORAX - ABDOMEN

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Class Arachnida

• Spiders
• Well cover only one spider mites
• Head/thorax (cephalothorax)
• Four pairs of legs
• Abdomen

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Classification

• Phylum
• Class Insecta
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species

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Class Insecta

• EXOSKELETON
• Solid outer skeleton
• Accounts for shape and size
• Cuticle is outermost layer that conserves moisture

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Class Insecta

• EXOSKELETON
• How does it grow?
• Molting chemical reactions make it flexible, it
  grows, then hardens again (schlerotization)
• Each molting called instar
• (Cicada hatching)

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• http//uncovercalifornia.com/content/21191-researc
  hers-create-cybernetic-moth

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HEAD

• Antennae
• Sensory organs
• Food

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HEAD

• Antennae
• Sensory organs
• Pheromones - communication chemicals secreted by
  insects

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HEAD

• Compound eyes (2)
• Numerous faucets that each have a lens, each
  singly functional

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HEAD

• Compound eyes (2)
• Senses color, movement, and, to a lesser extent,
  distance

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HEAD

• Simple eyes, Ocelli (1 to 3)
• Records daily changes in light intensity

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HEAD

• Mouthparts Chewing
• Mandibles are often protective

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HEAD

• Mouthparts Chewing
• Maxilla like appendages

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HEAD

• Mouthparts
• Piercing sucking

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THORAX

• Mid-section
• Pro-, meso-, and meta-

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THORAX

• Each segment has a pair of legs
• Front pair are often greatly modified

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THORAX

• Caterpillars have prolegs on abdomen
• Not true legs

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THORAX

• Wings
• Meso- and meta-thorax sections
• SloMo

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THORAX

• Wings Beetles
• Forewings hardened, elytra
• Protection of hind wings

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THORAX

• Wings Grasshopper
• Forewings leathery
• Hindwings fly

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THORAX

• Wings True bugs
• Forewings, basal portion hardened
• Hindwings, membranous

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THORAX

• Wings Moths and butterflies
• Both wings scales

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ABDOMEN

• Softest body section
• Spiracles, openings insect uses to breathe

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ABDOMEN

• Few appendages
• Ovipositor
• Laying eggs or stinger

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ABDOMEN

• Few appendages
• Cerci
• Can be sensory organ or protective

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LIFE CYCLES

• Insects begin life as an Egg
• Some exceptions are live birth, such as Aphids
  (Viviparous)

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LIFE CYCLES

• Complete Metamorphosis

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LIFE CYCLES

• Complete Metamorphosis
• Larva (immature stage)
• Damaging stage, feeding heavily on foliage or
  roots
• Major difference in shape and habit from adult

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LIFE CYCLES

• Complete Metamorphosis
• Pupae
• Idle stage, transforming into adult
• Cocoon vs. chrysalis

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LIFE CYCLES

• Complete Metamorphosis
• Adult (mature stage)
• Adults dont often cause major damage

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LIFE CYCLES

• Incomplete Metamorphosis

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LIFE CYCLES

• Incomplete Metamorphosis
• Nymph (immature stage)
• Differ from adult in size and shape
• Gradual changes
• Wings undeveloped

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LIFE CYCLES

• Incomplete Metamorphosis
• Adult (mature stage)
• Wings develop

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LIFE CYCLES

• Incomplete Metamorphosis

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Microcosmos

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v76R2EKEnoJQ