teacher, bus,

1
??
2

• ?????

• ???????????

• ?????

• ????

3
?????

????
teacher, bus,..
????
????
????
people, crew,.
????
rice, air,water,
?????
??
????
knowledge, friendship
China, Bill Gates, the Great Wall,
????
4
Proper Nouns ??????????????????
EgDiana Beijing AmericansEnglish May New
Years Day
???????????????
5
Common Nouns ???????????????
1?Individual Nouns ??????????????
??????????Eg aunts a panda apartments
????????Eg a year fairy tales a dream
6
2. Collective Nouns ???????????
Eg army audience crew family team police
government public
???????????,???????????,?????????,????????????
Eg His family isnt large.
Cf His family are all music lovers.
??????,??????????????,??????
Eg The audience was (were) excited by the show.
7
??????????????
Eg The gang is being hunted by the police.
Our company is sending him to work in Berlin.
??????????????
Eg The police are looking for him.
8
3. Material Nouns ???????????
Eg beer cake cloth cotton detergent(???)
fur ice paint paper soil
????,?????????,?????????????????
1)?????????????,??????????
Eg Two strong black coffees, please. ( ??)
Three beers, please. (??)
It was a special tea. (??)
2)?????????????????????
Eg rains (??)snows (??)waters(??)
9
4.Abstract Nouns ??????????
Eg education love policy trust nature
fashion relief silence truth,etc.
?????,???????????,???????
Eg Hes learning French for fun.
I wish you good luck.
?????????
He works hard for the welfare of the poor.
After a brief peace, war broke out again.
10
???????????????????
a glass ( ??? ) a copper ( ??/? ) a tin ( ??,??
) a paper ( ??,??,?? ) an iron (?? ) a wood ( ??
) a gold (?? ) a youth (??? ) a power ( ?? ) a
beauty ( ??,???? ) a pleasure( ???????? ) a
relation(??)
glass ( ?? ) copper ( ? ) tin ( ? ) paper ( ?
) iron (? ) wood ( ?? ) gold (?? ) youth (??
) power ( ?? ) beauty ( ? ) pleasure( ??
) relation(??)
11
????????,????,??????
a poem(??? ) a machine(???? ) a job(???? ) a
laugh(???? ) a permit(??? ) a garment (???? ) a
bag(case) (???? ) a loaf (???? ) a hair(???? )
poetry(???? ) machinery(???? ) work(??
) laughter(?? ) permission(?? ) clothing(????
) luggage, baggage(?? ) bread(?? ) hair( ??)
12
????????????

• ??????-s
• ?-s,-x,-ch,-sh????-es
• ??????y???,?y??i,??-es
• ?f?fe???,?f,fe??v,??es

13
?????????

• ?-o ??????es????????Negro, hero, potato,
  tomato???-o?????-s (photo, piano, radio,
  bamboo,zoo, )
• ???-f?fe???????-s (chief,cliff, belief, safe,
  gulf,roof, )
• ?????y?????????y??????-s toys, Germanys,
  Henrys
• ???????????????????,?-s,?three
  UFOs,?A?I????????s,? There are two As in this
  word.
• ??????????????s, ? two 6s three as
• stomach----stomachs

14
?????

1. ???????foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese
   ,mouse-mice, man-men, woman-women,policeman-police
   men
2. ???-en?ren??ox-oxen,child-children
3. ???????sheep,deer,aircraft,fish, steelworks,
   means, Chinese, Swiss, Japanese,.
4. ???????????(?????,????????)?five yuan,six jin,
   two jiao

15

• ????????
• ?????? Chinese, Japanese, Swiss,
• ???-s Africans, Asians, Canadians, Australians,
  Italians,
• ?man?men Englishman---Englishmen,
  Frenchman---Frenchmen
• ?German---Germans

16
???????

• ????????????father-in-law ? fathers-in-law,
  passer-by?passers-by, looker-on?lookers-on,
  editor-in-chief ? editors-in-chief
• ??????????????grown-ups, good-for-nothings(????),
  go-betweens (???),look-outs(???)
• ?man,woman,????????????????????men-doctors,
  women-drivers, women-singers
• boyfriends,girlfriends, boy students, girl
  students

17

• ??????????????????
• glasses, trousers, gloves, shoes, scissors,
  socks, handcuffs(??), jeans(???), earnings(??),
  savings(??),findings(????), clothes,
  surroundings(??), greetings(??), goods, ruins,
  twins, resources, woods, forces(??), arms(??),
  plastics(????), manners(??), greens(??),
  times(??), sands(??), works(??,??)contents(??),
  thanks, congratulations, tears, ashes, ..

18

• ???????????????,????????
• foods (????), metals(????),fruits(????),
  fertilizers(????), silks(????),teas(???)

19

• ??????????????do exercises, take turns, take
  notes, make repairs,in high spirits, as follows,
  hurt ones feelings, in rags, in dozens,make
  friends with, shake hands with,
• ??????,??????????make faces / a face, play
  jokes/a joke on sb.,have talkes/a talk with
• ????????????,???????have a word with
  sb.(??????),have words with sb.(?????)

20
??????????---a(??)???of

1. ???piece(?,?,?,?) article(?) item(?)block(??)
   set(?,?)sheet(?, ?) ?some articles of furniture,
   four items of news
2. ?????? cake(?), bar(?),ear(?),
   grain(?),sheaf(?),slice(??), pile(?), loaf (?),
   flight(?????), drop(?) ?a bar of chocolate, two
   ears of corn, a grain of rice
3. ??????cup,bowl, bucket,box,spoonful(?)
4. ????????fit(??) flash(??,??) ray(?) ?a fit of
   anger(????),a flash of lighting (????), a ray of
   hope(????)

21
?????????????????,????????????????????
beauty(?,??)---a beauty(???????)
danger(??)a danger
(?????????????)
failure(??)a failure
(?????????????)
honour(??)an honour(????????)
must( ??)a must(????????)
pity(??)a pity(??????)
22
service(??)a service(??????)
success(??)a success
(?????????????)
surprise(??)a surprise(????????)
pleasure(??)a pleasure(??????)
worry(??)a worry
(?????????????????)
experience(??)an experience(????)
23
????

• ??????(??)?????????????
• ?????????,??????,???,???????????????s??,???????o
  f?????,?????????????,??????????????

24
????

• ??????????????s?? his mother-in-laws
  photo the
  editor-in-chiefs opinion

2. ???s???????,???????????the teachers books
??s???????,?????s,?the childrens balls
?s??????????????,??s,?my boss/bosss
computer
25

• 3.???????????,???????????s,???????,?????????s
  ??Tom and Marrys father, Toms and Marrys
  fathers
• 4.??????????????,????????????
• at the doctors, at the barbers, at
  Mr. Greens, to my uncles, at the tailors

5.??????????????????????????????,????s???????to
days newspaper ten minutess walk Chinas
industry the stations waiting-room
26

• 6. ???????????????????????????,????????,?of?????
  ????????????????,?????????
• a friend of her mothers
• a few friends of Toms
• that book of Toms
• some daughter of Mr.Browns

27
7.??????????(???????) room number
coffee cup shoe
factory geography lesson
colour film tooth brush
power plant welcome
party heart trouble
food industry apple tree
physics teacher ???????????????
parents meeting(???)
goods train(??)
sales department (???)
sports meet(???)
28
?????(The Possessive Case of Nouns)
some patterns

1. Ill take the risk for friendships sake.
2. She was at her wits end.
3. Now they could sing at their hearts content.
4. We should get the children out of harms way.
5. We had best keep them at arms length.
6. For goodness sake,stop arguing.
7. Jane got the moneys worth out of the coat.

(????)
(????)
(???)
(????)
(????)
(???????)
(???)
(???)
29
????
1?????????(????????)
2???????(??????,??????Eg people
police)(??????,??????Eg newseconomics)
3.???? eitheror neithernor not onlybut also
4. ????????? 1)???????????,???????,???
2)??????????,????????Eg means, species
3)????all, most, half, rest?,???????????????,?????
??????,??????
30
4)???and???????,?????,?????????,?????Eg A knife
and fork is on the table.
5)?????,??????????????????????Eg ours, yours
such, the same who, that, which any, either,
neither,(?????,????) none, all, some, more,
6)??,??,half of, part of ???,?????????
7)what ????????????????????????,??????
8)????,??????????
31
5? ?????????
1)??????????????(???,??,???)????Eg The doctors,
my uncles, the bakers
2) ????????????????????????Eg three years The
selected poems of Li Bai
3) each, every, no ?????,???and ?????? Eg each
boy and each girl every man and woman
4) ???more than one many a
5) a kind of a pair of a series of
32
6) This kind of
7) The number of
8) A great deal of a large amount of un
9) One and a half ?????? eg One and a half
bananas is left on the table.
10) The departed (??)??????
11) the only one of ?????????????????????
33
6??????????
1)police,peoplecattle militia(??)????
2)???????????(???????)eg glasses chopsticks
3)these kind of men(??) men of this kind ???
4) bothand. ????
5) A number of large quantities of large
amounts of????
6) the ??????,?????
7) one of the??????????,???????????
34
1. Try to learn these words by heart (??????????)
scissors?? pants??
contents?? compasses??? cords????
arms?? earphones?? pyjamas???
ashes?? scales?? overalls???
tropics?? spectacles?? braces??
stairs?? nail-clippers???slacks???
brains?? belongings??? savings??
tidings?? doings?? writings??
findings????
35
?????????     1 ??????        This book is very
useful.        ???????        Mary is to meet
you at the airport.        ?????????           2
  ???        My brother is a worker.???????
She is a writer.??????  3  ??????        He
finished his task on time.       
???????????        We made Tom our monitor. 
???????????(consider, elect, choose,think,
find)       
36
4  ???        He got three gold medals at 23rd
Olympic Games.        ???????????????????       
rain drops ?? colour film     ????       
??????????,??????????????????????????????????????
??????????????       a golden medal
?????(??,???)       a gold medal
          ??(???????)      a colourful
dress  ???????(????)       a colour film     
????(??????) a coffee cup a letter box
a vegetable field a car factory        
37
5   ???        The meeting lasted two
hours.        ??????????        Wait a moment.
?????        He was late for class this
morning.        ???????????  6  ????       
Mr. Smith, our leader, is speaking now.       
?????,?????,?????        We students should
study hard.        ???????????  7  ????       
Come here, Mary.   ??,?????        Good
morning,  ladies and gentlemen.       
???,???,????
38
??

• 1. I wrote a letter to show my ___ of his
  thoughtfulness. A. achievement B.
  agreement
• C. attention D. appreciation
• 2. We all know that ___ speak louder than words.
• A. movements B. performances
• C. operations D. action
• 3. The new law will come into___ on the day it
  is passed.
• A. effect B. use C. service D. existence
• 4. You will find this map of great _____ in
  helping you get round London.
• A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness

D
D
A
C

39

• 5.My parents always let me have my ____ of
  living.
• A. way B.method C. manner D. fashion
• 6.---- Who did you spend last weekend with?
• ---- _______.
• A. Palmers B. The Palmers
• C. The Palmers D. The Palmers
• 7. Ill look into the matter as soon as
  possible.Just have a little _______.
• A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest

A
C
C
40

• 8. ____ of Mrs Whites came back home yesterday.
  She had been in the United States for years.
• A. A daughter B. The daughter
• C. Her daughter D. daughter

_______________
9.He gained his ____ by printing____ of famous
writers. A. wealth work
B. wealths works C. wealths
work D. wealth works
_________________
10. It will be ____ to jump into the lake to have
a swim on a hot summer day. A. fun B. a fun C.
funny D. the fun
______