Managing Peace and Security

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Managing Peace and Security

• Deterrence and Diplomacy

How does Singapore manage conflict and ensure
national security?
2
Methods of Handling Conflicts

• Countries can adopt various strategies to
  strengthen themselves and maintain peace
• Strategies
• Deterrence
• Diplomacy

3
Singapores Plan

• Deterrence supported by Diplomacy

Measures taken to prevent protect themselves
from threats
Management or the conducting of relations with
different countries
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• In this lesson, you will learn about
• How Singapore manage conflict and ensure
  national security by using deterrence
• What is deterrence
• Forms of deterrence

5
DETERRENCE

• Refers to the measures taken by countries to
  prevent and protect themselves from threats
• Threats can come from other countries or even
  non-state aggressors like terrorists
• Some measures to deter aggressors
• Maintaining military installations
• Carrying out military exercises
• Installing CCTV camera at train stations
• Sharing information among countries

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• WHY IS DETERRENCE IMPORTANT?
• To be militarily self-reliant
• To give people a sense of security attract
  foreign investors

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SINGAPORE AND ITS USE OF DETERRENCE

• 1.      A Citizen Armed Forces
• Why does Singapore use citizen armed forces
  instead of a professional army?
• In 1965 Singapore had a population of less than 2
  million and manpower was needed in factories and
  industries
• Insufficient funds to support a professional army
  
• Therefore, National service was introduced in
  1967

8

• How did Singapore develop its citizen armed
  forces?
• Introduced NS in 1967
• All 18 year old able-bodied male citizens were
  called for part-time or full-time NS
• After completing NS, the men undergo reservist
  training

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• Role of National Service (NS)
• in nation-building
• Bonds young men of different background with a
  common experience
• Promotes social integration and social harmony
• Builds up loyalty in men

10

• SINGAPORE ARMED FORCES
• (Army, Airforce, Navy)
• A fighting fit army in reserve, ready to defend
• Therefore, increase in military might of
  Singapore

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• 2. 3RD GENERATION SINGAPORE ARMED FORCES
• A project started by SAF with research institutes
  of the Ministry of Defence and local universities
• Maximising of defensive capabilities through
  modern technology
• Aims to create a intelligent defence force where
  the Army, Airforce and Navy operate together to
  provide early information which would destroy the
  enemy before they reach us

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3. Singapores Defence Industry

• Consists of
• The Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS)
• The Defence Science and Technology Agency (DSTA)
• Responsibilities of defence industry
• Builds up the fighting capabilities of the SAF
  by
• Buying, upgrading and developing weapons
• Produces ammunition
• Conducts R D with other countries and local
  tertiary institutions

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• Reasons Singapore produces its own weapons
• Shortage of equipment and weapons in the early
  years
• Unsuitability of imported weapons and military
  equipment for Singapores needs
• Cheaper to produce weapons than to buy them
• Reluctance of countries to share their defence
  technology
• Advantages of producing own weapons
• saves cost
• military is well equipped

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4. Total Defence

• Introduced in 1984 to involve everyone in the
  defence of the country
• Deter potential aggressors by showing that all
  Singaporeans are prepared for defence in all areas

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• Total Defence
• Civil Defence
• Know what to do during emergencies
• Economic defence
• -Building a strong economy that will not break
  down
• during times of war
• Social defence
• -Singaporeans of all races and religions together
• Psychological defence
• -Being loyal to Singapore and having the mental
  strength to overcome difficulties
• Military Defence
• -Deter aggression

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5. Multi-agency co-ordination on security

• National Security Coordination Secretariat
  (NSCS) set up to coordinate the Ministry of
  Defence, Ministry of Home Affairs and the
  Ministry of Foreign Affairs to
• Plan national security and policies
• Combat terror threats

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6. Military Co-operation with other
countries (a) Bilateral defence agreements
and exercises

• Singapore has military agreements with various
  countries to allow Singapore troops in train in
  their countries France, Australia, New Zealand,
  India, Taiwan, Brunei
• Singapore conducts military training with
  neighbouring countries Indonesia, Malaysia
• Exercises increase co-operation and strengthen
  ties among participating countries

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(b) Multi-lateral defence agreements and
exercises

• Singapore a member of the Five Power Defence
  Arrangements (FPDA) formed in 1971 to preserve
  peace in the region
• The four other members are Australia, Britain,
  New Zealand and Malaysia
• In the event of an external threat to Singapore
  or Malaysia, the members are to consult one
  another on the appropriate measures to be taken

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Conclusion

• A citizen armed force
• 3rd generation Singapore Armed Forces
• Singapores defence industry
• Total Defence
• Multi-agency coordination on security
• Military co-operation with other countries
• - Bilateral military agreements exercises
• - Multi-lateral military agreements
• exercises

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ConclusionDeterrence is practised by Singapore
in the following ways

• A citizen armed force
• 3rd generation Singapore Armed Forces
• Singapores defence industry
• Total Defence
• Multi-agency coordination on security
• Military co-operation with other countries
• - Bilateral military agreements and exercises
• - Multi-lateral military agreements and
• exercises