B-RNAV OPERATIONS IN EUROPEAN AIRSPACE

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B-RNAV OPERATIONS IN EUROPEAN AIRSPACE
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AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV)

• A method of navigation which permits aircraft
  operation on any desired flight path.

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NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE ACCURACY

• Total navigation accuracy based on the
  combination of the navigation sensor error,
  airborne receiver error, display error and flight
  technical error. Also called system use accuracy.

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REQUIRED NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE (RNP)

• A statement of the navigation performance
  accuracy necessary for operation within a defined
  airspace.

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RNP CONCEPT

• RNP concept applies to navigation performance
  within an airspace and therefore affects both the
  airspace and the aircraft.
• RNP is intended to characterize an airspace
  through a statement of the achieved navigation
  performance accuracy to be achieved within the
  airspace.
• Contd..

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..RNP CONCEPT

• The development of the RNP concept recognizes
  that the current aircraft navigation systems are
  capable of achieving a predictable level of
  navigation performance accuracy and that a more
  efficient use of available airspace can be
  realised on the basis of this navigation
  capability.

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DEFINING RNP AIRSPACE

• RNP may be specified for a route, a number of
  routes, an area, volume of airspace or any
  airspace of defined dimensions which an airspace
  planner or authority chooses.

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Some potential applications of RNP include..

• A defined airspace, such as MNPS airspace
• A fixed ATS route, such as between Sydney,
  Australia and Auckland, New Zealand
• Random track operations, such as between Hawaii
  and Japan and
• A volume of airspace, such as a block altitude on
  a specified route.

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RNP ROUTES

• Fixed RNP Route - Permanent, published ATS
  routes.
• Contingency RNP Routes - published ATS routes
  during limited time periods (Hours, Days,
  Seasons). They may also be established to meet
  unusual, temporary requirements arising at short
  notice.

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CONTAINMENT VALUE

• The containment value is the distance from the
  intended position within which flights would be
  found for at least 95 of the total flying time.

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RNP TYPE

• The RNP type is based on a navigation performance
  accuracy value which is expected to be achieved
  at least 95 of the time by the population of
  aircraft operating within the airspace.

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RNP TYPES

• Accuracy - 95 position accuracy in the
  designated airspace.
• RNP1 1.0 NM ( 1.85 km)
• RNP 4 4.0 NM ( 7.4 km)
• RNP 12.6 12.6 NM ( 23.3 km)
• RNP 20 20.0 NM ( 37 km)

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RNP COORDINATE SYSTEM

• ICAO has chosen World Geodetic System (WGS)-84 as
  the common world geodetic datum as there is a
  need to
• convert coordinates of airport key positions and
  ground-based navigation aids to a common geodetic
  reference datum
• ensure that all such locations are surveyed to a
  common standard which provides optimum accuracy,
  such as that obtained by GNSS surveying
  techniques and
• ensure that all FMS software is referenced to a
  common geodetic datum.

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BASIC RNAV

• 5 NM ( 9.26 km )
• (95 CONTAINMENT VALUE)
• B-RNAV Operations commenced in
  
  European airspace on the 23rd of April, 1998.

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EUROCONTROL STANDARD

• The carriage of B-RNAV equipment approved for
  RNP5 operations is mandatory on the entire ATS
  route network in the ECAC area including
  designated feeder routes (SIDs STARs) in / out
  of notified TMAs.
• RNP5 (B-RNAV) - effective 23rd April, 1998.
• RNP1 (Precision R-NAV) - to be implemented in
  2005.

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B-RNAV APPROVAL

• Airworthiness approval.
• Boeing 747-200/300/400
• Airbus 310-300, 330, 340
• Operational approval.

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AIRBORNE NAVIGATION EQUIPMENT

• They encompass..
• Systems which use external navigation aids such
  as VOR / DME, DME / DME, GNSS, very low
  frequency (VLF), LORAN-C and
• systems which are self-contained, e.g. INS, or
  inertial reference systems.

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Required Functions of B-RNAV Navigation Equipment

• Continuous indication of aircraft position
  relative to track displayed on a navigation
  display to both the pilot flying and the pilot
  not flying.
• Display of distance and bearing to the next
  active (TO) waypoint.
• Display of ground speed or time to the next
  active (TO) waypoint.
• Storage of waypoints minimum of 4.
• Appropriate failure annunciation of the RNAV
  system, including sensors.

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Recommended Functions of B-RNAV Navigation
Equipment

• Autopilot and / or Flight Director coupling.
• Present position in terms of latitude and
  longitude.
• Direct To function.
• Indication of navigation accuracy (e.g. quality
  factor ).
• Automatic channel selection of radio navigation
  aids.
• Navigation data base.
• Automatic leg sequencing and associated turn
  anticipation.

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FLIGHT CREW CONTINGENCY PROCEDURES

• In case of contingencies, (equipment failures,
  weather conditions) crew should notify ATC about
  the ability to maintain navigation accuracy,
  state its intentions, co-ordinate a plan of
  action and obtain a revised ATC clearance.
• If unable to notify ATC, crew should follow
  established contingency procedures and obtain ATC
  clearance as soon as possible.

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