Romanian Regulatory Framework for

1
National Commission for Nuclear Activities
Control CNCAN

• Romanian Regulatory Framework for
• Nuclear Facilities and Activities.
• CNCAN Position on the ALFRED Project in Romania
• - Overview -

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Regulated Facilities
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Nuclear Power Plants
Regulated Facilities
Reactor Type Gross Capacity MW(e) Construction Start First Criticality Operating Status
Cernavoda-1 CANDU-6 706.5 1980 16th of April 1996 In operation
Cemavoda-2 CANDU-6 706.5 1980 6th of May 2007 In operation
Cemavoda-3 CANDU-6 720 1980 - Under preservation, construction to be restarted
Cemavoda-4 CANDU-6 720 1980 - Under preservation, construction to be restarted
Cemavoda-5 CANDU-6 - 1980 - Under preservation, no plans to resume construction
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Research Reactors
Regulated Facilities

• 14 MWt TRIGA - type Material Testing Reactor of
  the Pitesti Branch for Nuclear Research
• (operational, commissioned in 1979, Gulf General
  Atomics design, pool type, steady state active
  zone - 14 MW(th), pulse active zone - up to
  20.000 MW(th)/pulse Converted from HEU to LEU
  and modernized)

2 MWt VVR-S type research reactor of the
Bucharest-Magurele National Institute for
Physics and Nuclear Engineering (Commissioned in
1957, Old Russian design, Loop type, Power- 2
MW(th), Defuelled, Under decommissioning)
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Regulated Facilities

• Other major regulated facilities in Romania
  include
• Facilities for uranium ore mining, milling and
  processing
• Nuclear Fuel (CANDU type) Production Plant
• Heavy Water Production Plant
• Radioactive Waste Management Facilities

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Regulatory Framework and Licensing Process

• Main Romanian Laws governing the safety of
  nuclear installations
• Law no. 111/1996 on the Safe Deployment,
  Regulation, Licensing and Control of Nuclear
  Activities, republished in the Official Gazette
  no. 552/27.06.2006
• Law no. 703/2001 on the Civil Liability for
  Nuclear Damage, published in Official Gazette,
  no. 818/19.12.2001
• The complete list of laws and regulations related
  to the safety of nuclear installations and
  activities is provided on CNCAN website
• http//www.cncan.ro/legislatie/

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Regulatory Framework and Licensing Process

• The current licensing practice is based on the
  provisions of the Law no. 111/1996 and of the
  regulations issued by CNCAN.
• The detailed regulatory requirements, as well as
  the assessment and inspection criteria used by
  CNCAN in the licensing process are derived from a
  number of sources, such as
• Romanian regulations (CNCAN Norms)
• Limits and Conditions specified in the different
  licenses
• IAEA Safety Standards and Guides
• WENRA Reference Levels
• ICRP recommendations
• Regulatory documents developed by CNSC and US
  NRC
• Applicable Standards and Codes (CSA, ANSI, ASME,
  IEEE, etc.)
• Safety related documentation produced by the
  licensee and approved or accepted by CNCAN (e.g.
  Safety Analysis Reports, Safety Design Guides,
  Design Manuals, reference documents, station
  instructions, operating manuals, technical basis
  documents, etc.)

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Regulatory Framework and Licensing Process
Regulatory documents containing
requirements used by CNCAN in the licensing
process
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Regulatory Framework and Licensing Process

• Stages of the licensing process for a nuclear
  installation, as stated in the Law, include
• design
• siting
• construction
• commissioning
• trial operation
• operation
• repair and/or maintenance (as major
  refurbishment)
• modification (as major upgrades)
• preservation
• decommissioning.
• For a license at each of these stages, the
  qualified applicant shall demonstrate the safety
  of the nuclear installation, according with the
  CNCAN requirements (Romanian regulations,
  recommended standards and codes, specific
  regulatory requirements by letters, etc)

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Regulatory Framework and Licensing Process

• According to the Law, a license for the quality
  management system has to be obtained from CNCAN,
  as pre-condition for the issuance of the design/
  siting/ construction / commissioning / operation
  / decommissioning license.
• The licensing of the quality management systems
  is applied not only to the operators of nuclear
  installations but also to the suppliers of
  products and services for the nuclear
  installations.
• The installations or activities for which a
  license has been granted are not transferable.
• The main responsibilities of the license holder
  are stated in Chapter III of the Law and are
  further detailed in the specific regulations
  issued by CNCAN and in the conditions attached to
  each license.

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Regulatory Framework and Licensing Process
CNCAN Regulations on Quality Management Systems
for Nuclear Facilities and Activities
Licensing Requirements

• Siting
• Design
• Procurement
• ConstructionInstallation
• Commissioning

• Research Development
• Manufacturing of Goods Services
• Operation
• Decommissioning
• Software for Use in Nuclear Field

http//www.cncan.ro/legislatie/norme/norme-de-mana
gementul-calitatii-in-domeniul-nuclear/
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Nuclear Safety Regulations

• The newest CNCAN regulations related to the
  licensing of the Nuclear Power Plants are
• Nuclear Safety Requirements on Siting of Nuclear
  Power Plants (2010)
• Nuclear Safety Requirements on Design and
  Construction of Nuclear Power Plants (2010).
• These regulations were aimed at endorsing more of
  the IAEA requirements, in addition to those which
  served as basis for the reference levels of
  WENRA.
• These regulations include requirements on severe
  accidents analysis and design provisions for
  severe accident management.
• A regulation containing requirements on the
  commissioning and operation of NPPs is planned to
  be finalized this year, taking account and making
  use of the requirements in IAEA NS-R-2.
• The revision of the regulatory framework to take
  account of the lessons learned after the
  Fukushima accident includes the elaboration of a
  new regulation on accident management (including
  severe accident management) and emergency
  preparedness. Currently, this regulation is in
  process of external consultation with the
  stakeholders.

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Quantitative safety goals for new NPPs in Romania

• Since December 2010 new safety goals were
  established for new NPPs in Romania regulation
  on Nuclear Safety Requirements on Design and
  Construction of Nuclear Power Plants, NSN-02
• Quantitative safety goals established in NSN-02
  have the aim to limit the radiologic risk due to
  potential exposures. These goals have to be
  considered in the new NPPs design bases.
• Since it is for the first time when quantitative
  safety objectives for design basis accidents are
  formalized in the national regulatory framework,
  these are going to be used on a trial basis and
  strict compliance with the numerical targets is
  not mandatory.
• However, the license applicants will have to
  demonstrate that they have taken all reasonably
  practicable measures to achieve the safety level
  implied by these quantitative objectives.
• All differences between the new project and the
  requirements from NSR-2 must be justified,
  discussed with the regulatory body and solutions
  agreed.

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Quantitative safety goals for new NPPs in Romania
(contd 1)
Quantitative nuclear safety objectives for the
design of the protective safety systems (design
basis quantitative objectives)
Event Class Estimated annual frequency of occurrence for an event or sequence of events (95 confidence value) Maximum value for the effective dose for the most exposed individual situated outside the exclusion zone (calculated for 30 days since the start of the release, for all paths of exposure)
Class 1 f gt 1E-2 0.5 mSv
Class 2 1E-2 gt f gt 1E-3 1 mSv
Class 3 1E-3 gt f gt 1E-4 10 mSv
Class 4 1E-4 gt f gt 1E-5 50 mSv
Class 5 1E-5 gt f gt 1E-6 100 mSv
Class 6 1E-6 gt f gt 1E-7 250 mSv
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Quantitative safety goals for new NPPs in Romania
(contd 2)
Quantitative nuclear safety objectives for the
verification of the design as a whole
(quantitative risk objectives)
Event Group Effective dose for the most exposed individual situated outside the exclusion zone (calculated for 30 days since the start of the release, for all paths of exposure) Total (cumulative) annual frequency of all events that would lead to doses in the specified interval (95 confidence value)
Group 1 0.1 1 mSv lt 1E-2
Group 2 1 10 mSv lt 1E-3
Group 3 10 100 mSv lt 1E-4
Group 4 100 250 mSv lt 1E-5
Group 5 250 500 mSv lt 1E-6
Group 6 gt 500 mSv lt 1E-7
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ALFRED Project in Romania

• ALFRED - (Advanced Lead Fast Reactor European
  Demonstrator)
• ROMANIA involvement in ALFRED project, the main
  mailstones
• Nuclear Research Institute from Pitesti (SCN),
  Romania, involved in this project
• 3 February 2011 Government of Romania approved
  a Memorandum of MECMA (The Ministry of Economy,
  Trade and Business Environment) related to the
  disposition of ALFRED in Romania
• September 2011 Meeting MECMA-SCN-Ansaldo-ENES
  (Genova). Agreement regarding the MoU
• February 2012 MoU subscription and start of
  activities.
• AFFRED project in Romania sustained by the
  Romanian Prime-Minister (International Conference
  NUCLEAR 2012, May 2012, Pitesti, Romania).
• 14 May 2012 SCN asks first time to CNCAN (the
  Romanian Regulatory Authority) to have a meeting
  related to ALFRED project
• On 5 June 2012, a team of CNCAN representatives,
  including the CNCAN President and the Director of
  Nuclear Fuel Cycle Division went to SCN
  headquarter for a complex meeting related to
  ALFRED

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ALFRED Parameters (INR presentation)
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CNCAN Position on the ALFRED Project in Romania

• On 5 June 2012, a team of 10 CNCAN
  representatives, including the CNCAN President
  and the Director of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Division
  went to SCN headquarter for a complex meeting
  related to ALFRED
• SCN management and technical staff involved in
  ALFRED project participated in this meeting
• The main purposes of the meeting was to have
  preliminary discussions regarding the licensing
  process of the demonstrative reactor ALFRED in
  Romania and the establishing of a roadmap and the
  necessary resources for the development of the
  licensing activities during 2013-2025.
• SCN presented to the CNCAN representatives a
  short history of the development of the
  Generation IV reactors, the ALFRED project and
  also the main steps performed up to that moment
  for this project and also the SCN involvement in.
• There were highlighted mainly those
  characteristics of nuclear safety important in a
  licensing process
• A Minute of Meeting has been prepared and the
  following were established

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CNCAN Position on the ALFRED Project in Romania

• CNCAN representatives presented shortly to the
  SCN staff the licensing process of a nuclear
  installation and acknowledge the SCN staff on the
  following aspects
• ALFRED will be treated as a nuclear installation
  and the requirements established for Nuclear
  Power Plants in NSN-1 and NSN-2 will be
  applicable for it. Any exception shall be
  justified and agreed by CNCAN.
• It is very important and time-consuming to obtain
  an environmental license (issued by the Ministry
  of Environment)
• CNCAN has a good experience in the licensing of
  research reactors and power reactors but only for
  proven technologies. Taking into account that
  ALFRED is a new type of reactor, a demonstrative
  project, the licensing process will require a
  very good demonstration of the safety of this
  reactor. Independent analyses (from those
  performed by the developer) will be required to
  be performed by recognized, qualified
  organizations in order to prove the project can
  be operated in safe conditions
• Discussions revealed the need of a pro-active
  attitude from SCN and CNCAN (and the other
  stakeholders) and a work -team

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CNCAN Position on the ALFRED Project in Romania

• The European Union opinion related to the
  application of requirements of art. 37. of the
  EURATOM Treaty shall be required as soon as
  possible, at least 6 months before the planned
  date for the commissioning, the releasing of this
  opinion implying a study of impact on the
  neighboring countries in case of normal operation
  of the nuclear installation and under accident
  conditions, including severe accidents which can
  affect that installation.
• The articles of the Aarhus Conventions, related
  to the participation of the public to the
  decision process, have to be observed, as well as
  the statements of Espoo Convention.
• It is necessary to identify the project manager,
  the owner of the nuclear installation, the
  operator, in order to identify the
  responsibilities of each part, including the
  liability, as soon as possible. According to the
  Romanian low (Low 111/1996, art. 8 para. (6)),
  the licenses are required by the owner of the
  installation.
• A very important aspect is that one related to
  the quality management system and the
  qualification of the personnel involved in
  activities of research, licensing, construction,
  commissioning, operating and maintenance, on the
  entire development of the project.

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CNCAN Position on the ALFRED Project in Romania

• Taking into account that the project is a new
  one, one important problem is related to the
  applicable standards and codes. The list of
  applicable regulations, standards and codes has
  to be agreed by CNCAN.
• It was mentioned that the decommissioning
  activities that should be considered from the
  beginning, can possible determine the necessity
  of a larger area for the site of the nuclear
  installation (for waste treatment, waste
  conditioning and intermediate storage, including
  from the decommissioning, intermediate spent fuel
  storage, etc. ).
• The costs and activities related to the waste and
  spent-fuel management and to the decommissioning
  shall be considered in details from the
  beginning.
• It was specified that the costs related to the
  liability Insurance have to be also considered,
  mainly taking into account that they are bigger
  ALFRED being an experimental reactor,
• It was mentioned that the responsibilities
  related to the costs resulted from a severe
  accident have to be established.
• It is necessary to have at least an emergency
  response center on site

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CNCAN Position on the ALFRED Project in Romania

• Related to the nuclear safety analyses required
  for the licensing purpose
• The siting of ALFRED will be chosen so that the
  requirements of the CNCAN norm NSN-1 to be
  fulfilled
• The acceptance criteria established by the
  Romanian regulations for NPPs are applicable for
  ALFRED (licensing for design and construction,
  NSN-2)
• The design of ALFRED will consider the
  requirements of NSN-2 related to the redundancy
  of the systems with safety functions (two
  independent shutdown systems)
• The requirements related to the qualification of
  the computer codes (validation, verification)
  have to be respected, even if ALFRED is a new
  project and may be it will be difficult to find
  computer code able to adequate simulate the core
  or the plant systems
• Initiating events and events combinations which
  can affect the installation, but also the spent
  fuel storage, have to be considered. They must
  fulfill the dose requirements, according to their
  class (based on frequency of occurrence), as it
  is indicated in the CNCAN norm NSN-2

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CNCAN Position on the ALFRED Project in Romania

• Related to the nuclear safety analyses required
  for the licensing purpose
• Related to the nuclear safety analyses required
  for the licensing purpose
• Safety analyses performed for ALFRED will be
  independently verified
• The hazard analysis shall further include the
  chemical hazard and the risk posed for the
  personnel and the public, taking into account the
  use of the molten lead for the reactor cooling
• Criteria for the acceptance by the CNCAN of the
  project modifications shall be considered from
  the beginning (when the design bases are
  established)
• The licensing of the ALFRED reactor by CNCAN
  requires a generic detailed project, sustained by
  deterministic and probabilistic analyses. There
  are necessary also feasibility studies for ALFRED
  reactor site (the site water cooling sources have
  to be also considered)
• In order to sustain in good conditions the
  licensing process related to ALFRED project,
  CNCAN needs human resources, financial resources,
  specific training for the personnel involved in
  this process. All these aspects can be solved
  only at the governmental level.