Title: Evidence for a Recent Creation
1Evidence for a Recent Creation
2Evidences for a Worldwide Flood
- Sedimentary deposits unlike any produced today
- Uniform sedimentary layers extending hundreds of
miles in all directions - Some thick and extensive sedimentary layers have
remarkable purity - Limestone layers, hundreds of feet thick, are
sometimes found - Lack of erosion between the layers Did millions
of years fly by with no discernible effect? - One would think in even a thousand years there
would be roots or worm burrows or stream erosion
or clam tracks. Instead, most of the interfaces
are sharply defined.
3- 257 Flood legends
- Evidences of catastrophe in the geological
column Contemporary geologists and
paleontologists now generally accept catastrophe
as a 'way of life' although they may avoid the
word catastrophe - There are numerous examples of sediments composed
of many thin laminae that were laid down rapidly
in short periods of time, even in minutes - Some geologists estimate that over 40 percent of
the sediments laid down in the past came from
turbidity currents, which are associated with
rapid deposition of sediment
4- FOSSILS! Dead animals and plants quickly decay,
are eaten, or are destroyed by the elements - Fossil caves, fissures, mass burial sites, and
sedimentary strata discovered in Europe and
America are jammed with masses of mixed bones of
many sorts of animals from widely separated and
differing climatic zones - Fossils often display evidence of terror and
struggle - British paleontologist Derek V. Ager believes
that most fossils were produced in short periods
of catastrophic activity separated by long
periods of relative quiet
5Problems
- Animal tracks
- Nests of dinosaur eggs
- There is some evidence they were produced under
water - Or they may have been produced after the flood
when the crust of the earth was very soft and the
rate of erosion was very high
6Rapid burial?
7Is the present really key to the past?
The Grand Canyon
Mount St Helens
8Evolution Predictions
Evolutionary tree
One hundred and twenty years of paleontological
research later, it has become abundantly clear
that the fossil record will not confirm this part
of Darwins predictions. Nor is the problem a
miserably poor record. The fossil record simply
shows that this prediction is wrong. Eldredge
Tattersall, The Myths of Human Evolution,
1982, p45-46
9Evolution Predictions
Evolutionary tree
The old Darwinian view of evolution as a ladder
of more and more efficient forms leading up to
the present is not borne out by the evidence. -
N.D. Newell, Why Scientists believe in Evolution,
1984, p 10, American Geological Institute pamphlet
10Evolution Predictions
Evolutionary tree
The known fossil record fails to document a
single example of phyletic evolution
accomplishing a major morphologic transition and
hence offers no evidence that a gradualistic
model can be valid. - Steven M. Stanley,
Macroevolution Pattern and Process. 1979
11Evolution Predictions
- Identifiable common ancestors
Evolutionary tree
The gaps in the record are real, however. The
absence of a record of any important branching is
quite phenomenal R. Wesson, Beyond Natural
Selection, 1991, p 45
12Creation Predictions
Creationist Orchard
One of the most difficult problems in
evolutionary paleontology has been the almost
abrupt appearance of the major animal groups -
A. G. Fisher, Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia,
1998, fossil section
13Creation Predictions
Creationist Orchard
the Cambrian strata of rocks, vintage about 600
million years, are the oldest in which we find
most of the major invertebrate groups. And we
find many of them already in an advanced state of
evolution, the very first time they appear. It is
as though they were just planted there, without
any evolutionary history. Needless to say, this
appearance of sudden planting has delighted
creationists Richard Dawkins, The Blind
Watchmaker, 1987, p 229
14Creation Predictions
Creationist Orchard
- Stasis (little change over time)
The observation that species are amazingly
conservative and static entities throughout long
periods of time has all the qualities of the
emperors new clothes everyone knew it but
preferred to ignore it. Paleontologists, faced
with a recalcitrant record obstinately refusing
to yield Darwins predicted pattern, simply
looked the other way - Eldredge and Tattersall,
The Myths of Human Evolution, 1982, p 45-46
15Vertebrates in the Cambrian!
The emergence of such a sophisticated creature
at so early a date show that modern life forms
burst on the scene suddenlyNeo-Darwinism cannot
account for the sudden emergence of so many new
genetic forms - Prof. Jun-Yuan Chen, quoted in
A Little Fish Challenges A Giant Of Science -
The Boston Globe, May 30, 2000
16Punctuated Equilibrium
- Many biologists believe that evolution happened
in spurts, too fast to be seen in the fossil
record - Why would one think so unless one believed in
evolution in the first place?
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18Complex Invertebrates
- Complex invertebrates make up the vast majority
of the fossil record, roughly 95. We have
cataloged literally millions of different species
of these very complex creatures, and we have
entire fossils, not just pieces here and there.
In this rich and virtually complete portion of
the fossil record, there is not a single sign of
evolution, whatsoever!!!2
19Plants, Algae, and Insects
- The remaining 5 consists mostly of plants
algae, where again we find no fossil evidence of
evolution, whatsoever.3 In the small portion that
includes insects, again we find no fossil
evidence of evolution, whatsoever.4. - The transformation from invertebrate to
vertebrate would have been a major event in the
earths evolutionary history. Yet the fossil
record does not leave a single shred of evidence
for this enormous transformation!5.
20Fish and Land Vertebrates
- So all that is left is a sliver of a corner of
the fossil record, the vertebrates. The bulk of
this sliver is made up of fish, where we again
find no sign of evolution whatsoever.5 A small
remainder of this miniscule sliver is left for
the land-dwelling vertebrates. Of the
land-dwelling vertebrate species unearthed, 95
are represented by a bone or less1. Yet this is
where the evolutionist concentrates all his
efforts to "show" to his audience that "the
fossil record supports evolution"!
21- In the widely used college undergraduate textbook
Evolutionary Biology (3rd Ed. 1998), author
Douglas Futuyma does not list one single
transitional leading up to the complex
invertebrates (see chapter 6 in particular,
Evolving Lineages in the Fossil Record). All
his transitional examples spanning orders or
classes are vertebrates! His only mention of the
"evolution" of the complex invertebrates is a
brief snippet on the changes in rib numbers on
trilobites! This of course is nothing more than
small-scale variation, or micro-evolution. Also
see Invertebrate Beginnings, Paleobiology, 6
365-70, R.D. Barnes, 1980.
22- Â Botanists at the University of Nebraska recently
wrote The mystery of the origin of flowering
plants was and still is complicated by the lack
of any obvious candidates for next-of-kin for the
group. See The Abominable Mystery Of The First
Flowers Clues from Nebraska and Kansas, by M. R.
Bolick and R. K. Pabian.
23- The words of widely recognized evolutionist
botanist E.J.H. Corner of Cambridge University
still ring true 40 years after he wrote them
But I still think that, to the unprejudiced, the
fossil record of plants is in favor of special
creation ... Can you imaging how an orchid, a
duck weed, and a palm have come from the same
ancestry, and have we any evidence for this
assumption? The evolutionist must be prepared
with an answer, but I think that most would break
down before an inquisition - Contemporary
Botanical Thought., MacLeod, A.M. and Cobley,
L.S. (eds) 1961. Chicago Quadrangle Books, p 97.
24-   The 2001 Encyclopædia Britannica Online states
No fossils have yet been found from the Late
Devonian or Early Carboniferous periods, when the
key characters of present-day insects are
believed to have evolved thus, early evolution
must be inferred from the morphology of extant
insects.- Insect Insect Fossil Record,
Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2001.Â
lthttp//members.eb.com/bol/topic?eu108350sctn35
gt Â
25- The lack of fossils intermediate between
invertebrate and vertebrate is well documented in
the scientific literature. Carl Zimmer in Science
magazine recently wrote But the record provides
few clues to help resolve this contradiction,
because there are no animal fossils that old and
no examples of an intermediate species.(In
Search Of Vertebrate Origins Beyond Brain And
Bone, Science, March 3, 2000Â emphasis
added). - The extensive marine beds of the Silurian and
those of the Ordovician are essentially void of
vertebrate history- Fish", Encyclopædia
Britannica Online 2001emphasis addedÂ
26Dinosaurs
- Evolutionists cannot offer a single example of
an ancestor of the dinosaurs. See figure
Dinosaur Family Tree, from Encyclopædia
Britannica Online. - Source for some slides
- http//www.evolutionfairytale.com/articles_debates
/fossil_illusion.htm
27A whale of a tale
Among the important recent discoveries is
Pakicetus, known from a skull found in a
riverine Douglas Futuyma, Evolutionary Biology,
1998, p 196
Pakicetus
28Piltdown Man
Brown actual bones White portion artist has
filled in with clay
- Discovered in 1910
- Exposed as fraud in 1953
29Macro vrs MicroEvolution
The Evolution Definition Shell Game
Unlimited Variation
Limited Variation
30The Evolution of Resistant Bacteria
There are three primary ways drug resistance
occurs
- 1. Some resistant strains already existed
- 2. Mutation caused strain to become resistant
(loss of information) - 3. Some germs directly transfer their resistance
to others
31- Earth
- Precise distance from Sun
- Precise mass to retain atmosphere and ocean
- Ideal axis tilt, orbit, spin rate, and radius
- Ideal mass and color of Sun
- Moon is precise distance and size to stabilize
tilt and produce tides - Jupiters distance and mass maintain earths
orbit and sweep up comets and asteroids - Ideal Carbon dioxide and oxygen/nitrogen ratios
- The charge and masses of fundamental particles
have remarkably tight tolerances any small
change renders life impossible. - MANY MORE FINE-TUNED PARAMETERS!
32DNA Language of Life
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36Virtually every ancient culture has dragon legends
From World Book Encyclopedia
The dragons of legend are strangely like actual
creatures that have lived in the past. They are
much like the great reptiles dinosaurs which
inhabited the earth long before man was supposed
to have appeared on earth. Dragons were generally
evil and destructive. Every country had them in
its mythology.1
1 1973 World Book Encyclopedia, p 265
37Ceremonial Burial Stones from Peruvian
Tombs(c.a. 500-1500 AD)
What kind of Dino does this look like?
38Dinosaur Figurines from Mexico(from the
Pre-classical Chupicuaro Culture 800 BC 200 AD)
What kind of Dino does this look like?
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47 2 Peter 33-6 knowing this first that scoffers
will come in the last days, walking according to
their own lusts, and saying, "Where is the
promise of His coming? For since the fathers fell
asleep, all things continue as they were from the
beginning of creation." For this they willfully
forget that by the word of God the heavens were
of old, and the earth standing out of water and
in the water, by which the world that then
existed perished, being flooded with water.
48Psalms 1188 It is better to trust in the LORD
Than to put confidence in man.
49Evidence for accelerated decay
- Helium retention in zircons
- Recent Carbon 14 dates
- Radiation and accelerated decay
- Evidence of accelerated mutation rate
- Evidence of a nearby supernova
- Lack of objects in the Kuiper belt
- Correlation between surface heat flow and the
radioactivity of surface rocks
50- Many lines of evidence are beginning to fit
together into a consistent picture. - How much evidence is necessary before a paradigm
shift occurs?
51- Creationists now feel that billions of years
worth of radioactive decay has occurred on earth,
giving old isotopic dates, but this decay took
place in only a few thousand years.
52- These results suggest that the earth was created
a six or seven thousand years ago and life was
created soon thereafter - These results do not constrain the age of the
universe - Many creationists believe the universe is also
young - Some young earth creationists believe the
universe is old
53Alpha Decay
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55ZIRCONS
56- HELIUM DIFFUSION RATES SUPPORT ACCELERATED
NUCLEAR DECAY - D. RUSSELL HUMPHREYS, STEVEN A. AUSTIN, JOHN R.
BAUMGARDNER, ANDREW A. SNELLING - International Conference on Creationism
- Geneva College, Beaver Falls, PAAugust 4-9,
2003
57- Two decades ago, Robert Gentry and his colleagues
at Oak Ridge National Laboratory reported
surprisingly high amounts of nuclear-decay-generat
ed helium in tiny radioactive zircons from
Precambrian rock. Up to 58 of the helium (that
radioactivity would have generated during the
alleged 1.5 billion year age of the granodiorite)
was still in the zircons. Yet the zircons were so
small that they should not have retained the
helium for even a tiny fraction of that time.
58- The high helium retention levels suggested to us
and many other creationists that the helium
simply had not had enough time to diffuse out of
the zircons, and that recent accelerated nuclear
decay had produced over a billion years worth of
helium within only the last few thousand years,
during Creation and/or the Flood. Such
acceleration would reduce the radioisotopic time
scale from megayears down to months.
59- However, until a few years ago nobody had done
the experimental and theoretical studies
necessary to confirm this conclusion
quantitatively. In 2000 the RATE project 14
began experiments to measure the diffusion rates
of helium in zircon and biotite. We show that
these data limit the age of these rocks to
between 4,000 and 14,000 years. These results
support our hypothesis of accelerated nuclear
decay and represent strong scientific evidence
for the young world of Scripture.
60Carbon 14 is produced in the atmosphere by cosmic
rays and then slowly decays. The older an
organic sample is, the less carbon 14 it will
contain because it will not be absorbing new
carbon 14 after it dies.
61- MEASURABLE 14C IN FOSSILIZED ORGANIC MATERIALS
CONFIRMING THE YOUNG EARTH CREATION-FLOOD MODEL - JOHN R. BAUMGARDNER,D. RUSSELL HUMPHREYS, ANDREW
A. SNELLING, STEVEN A. AUSTIN - International Conference on Creationism
- Geneva College, Beaver Falls, PAAugust 4-9,
2003
62- ABSTRACT
- Given the short 14C half-life of 5730 years,
organic materials purportedly older than 250,000
years should contain absolutely no detectable
14C. An astonishing discovery made over the past
twenty years is that, almost without exception,
when tested by highly sensitive accelerator mass
spectrometer (AMS) methods, organic samples from
every portion of the fossil record show
detectable amounts of 14C!
63- 14C/C ratios from all but the youngest samples
appear to be clustered in the range 0.1-0.5 pmc
(percent modern carbon), regardless of geological
age. A straightforward conclusion that can be
drawn from these observations is that all but the
very youngest fossilized organic material was
buried contemporaneously much less than 250,000
years ago. This is consistent with the Biblical
account of a global Flood that destroyed most of
the air-breathing life on the planet in a single
brief cataclysm only a few thousand years ago. -
64- Giem 18 reviewed the literature and tabulated
about seventy reported AMS measurements of 14C in
organic materials from the geologic record that,
according to the conventional geologic
time-scale, should be 14C dead. The surprising
result is that organic samples from every portion
of the - fossil record show detectable amounts of 14C. For
the measurements considered most reliable, the
14C/C ratios appear to fall in the range 0.1-0.5
percent of the modern 14C/C ratio (percent modern
carbon, or pmc). - 0.1 percent modern carbon corresponds to a
computed age of 57,000 years!
65- The conventional uniformitarian age for these
samples is well beyond 100,000 years (in most
cases it is tens to hundreds of millions of
years). - The samples include coal, anthracite, and natural
gas, as well as wood, shells, foraminifera, and
other fossils. Even some Precambrian graphite
samples have carbon 14 ages of about 60,000
years! - Some of the researchers tried to explain this
carbon 14 as contamination, but none of their
attempts to clean it were successful.
66- AMS analyses reveal carbon from fossil remains of
living organisms, regardless of their position in
the geological record, consistently contain 14C
levels far in excess of the AMS machine
threshold, even when extreme pre-treatment
methods are applied. Experiments in which the
sample size is varied argue compellingly that the
14C is intrinsic to the fossil material and not a
result of handling or pre-treatment. These
conclusions continue to be confirmed in the very
latest peer-reviewed papers.
67- Moreover, even non-organic carbon samples appear
consistently to yield 14C levels well above
machine threshold. Graphite samples formed under
metamorphic and reducing conditions in
Precambrian limestone environments commonly
display 14C values on the order of 0.05 pmc. A
good question is what possibly could be the
source of the 14C in this material? We conclude
that the possibility this 14C is primordial is a
reasonable one.
68Organic matter consistently has a higher 14C
ratio than Precambrian inorganic matter
- Not noise
- Not contamination
69- Dr Baumgardner sent a diamond for C-14 dating.Â
It was the first time this had been attempted,
and the answer came back positivei.e. the
diamond, formed deep inside the earth in a
Precambrian layer, nevertheless contained
radioactive carbon, even though it shouldnt
have. This is exceptionally striking evidence,
because a diamond has remarkably powerful lattice
bonds, so there is no way that subsequent
biological contamination can be expected to find
its way into the interior.
70- The diamonds carbon-dated age of lt58,000 years
is thus an upper limit for the age of the whole
earth. And this age is brought down still
further now that the helium diffusion results
have so strongly affirmed dramatic past
acceleration of radioactive decay.
71- The fact that isotopic dates are generally too
old by hundreds of millions of years, but Carbon
14 dates are only too old by thousands of years,
is also evidence for accelerated decay because
Carbon 14 decays much faster.
72- An ounce of silver a pound of gold Not much
difference - An ounce of silver a pound of bricks Big
difference - 5.00 doesnt mean much to a millionaire
- 5.00 means a lot to a beggar!
- 100 1/10 not much increase
- .001 1/10 big increase
73- Small half life Decay is frequent
- Large half life Decay is rare
- Extra decay makes little difference if decay is
frequent - Extra decay makes large difference if decay is
rare - Conclusion
- Isotopic ages of elements with large half lives
should be more affected by an increase in decay
rates
74Half Lives for Radioactive Elements
Radioactive Parent Stable Daughter Half life
Potassium 40 Argon 40 1.25 billion yrs
Rubidium 87 Strontium 87 48.8 billion yrs
Thorium 232 Lead 208 14 billion years
Uranium 235 Lead 207 704 million years
Uranium 238 Lead 206 4.47 billion years
Carbon 14 Nitrogen 14 5730 years
75- Alpha decay and beta decay use different
processes - Therefore they may not be affected the same by an
increase in the decay rate - So discordances between alpha and beta decay ages
are an evidence of disturbed decay
76- Expected evidence of increase in decay rates
- Carbon 14 ages much younger than other isotopic
ages like K-Ar, U-Pb, et cetera - Alpha and beta ages should differ
- Long half live ages more affected than short half
life ages
77RADIOISOTOPES IN THE DIABASE SILL (UPPER
PRECAMBRIAN) AT BASS RAPIDS, GRAND CANYON,
ARIZONA AN APPLICATION AND TEST OF THE ISOCHRON
DATING METHOD STEVEN A. AUSTIN, Ph.D. ANDREW A.
SNELLING, Ph.D. WILLIAM A. HOESCH
78Evidence for accelerated decay rates obtained
from isotopic dates themselves
Even airtight isotopic dates disagree the only
explanation is a change in decay rates!
79- ABSTRACT The five-point Rb-Sr whole-rock
isochron age of 1.07 Ga for the diabase sill at
Bass Rapids, Grand Canyon, has been regarded for
20 years as an excellent example of the
application of conventional radioisotopic dating.
However, our new K-Ar, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb
radioisotope data from eleven whole-rock samples
(eight diabase, three granophyre) and six mineral
phases separated from one of the whole-rock
diabase samples yield discordant whole-rock and
mineral isochron ages.
80- These isochron ages range from 841.5164 Ma
(whole-rock K-Ar) to 1375170 Ma (mineral Sm-Nd).
Each method appears to yield concordant ages
internally between whole rocks and minerals. It
is therefore argued that only changing
radioisotope decay rates in the past could
account for these discordant isochron ages for
the same geologic event. Furthermore, these data
are consistent with alpha decay having been
accelerated more than beta decay, and with the
longer the present half-life the greater being
the acceleration factor.
81- This is not an isolated phenomenon but is
characteristic of isotopic dates
82- Austin has already documented that, when the
mineral isochron method is applied as a test of
the assumptions of radioisotopic dating,
discordances inevitably result. According to
Austin, four categories of discordance are found
in suites of rocks with a common origin (1) two
or more discordant whole rock isochron ages, (2)
a whole-rock isochron age older than the
associated mineral isochron ages, (3) two or more
discordant mineral isochrons from the same rock,
and (4) a whole-rock isochron age younger than
the associated mineral isochron ages. Our
radioisotope data from the Bass Rapids diabase
sill exhibit all four categories of isochron
discordance. Thus the assumptions of
radioisotopic dating must be questioned.
83- Airtight dates disagree
- An evidence of a change in the decay rates
84Mutation rates
Mitochondrial DNA appears to mutate much faster
than expected, prompting new DNA forensics
procedures and raising troubling questions about
the dating of evolutionary events.
...Regardless of the cause, evolutionists are
most concerned about the effect of a faster
mutation rate. For example, researchers have
calculated that "mitochondrial Eve"--the woman
whose mtDNA was ancestral to that in all living
people--lived 100,000 to 200,000 years ago in
Africa. Using the new clock,
she would be a mere 6000
years old
Gibbons, Ann, Calibrating the Mitochondrial
Clock, Science, Vol 279, No. 5347, Jan 1998, pp.
28 - 29.
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86Mutation rates
In fact, a similar argument gives young ages for
wolves, coyotes, dogs, ducks, birds, E. Coli, and
Drosophila (fruit flies). Probably many
organisms can be shown to have originated within
the past few thousand years using genetic
diversity arguments.
87Ages computed from nuclear DNA diversity are
larger than ages computed from mtDNA diversity.
This is also evidence for an accelerated mutation
rate in the past because nuclear DNA mutates much
slower and would be more affected. But what
caused the increase? There is evidence that
small doses of radiation can lead to unexpectedly
high mutation rates in humans (Science 8 February
2002 vol. 295 page 946) ... researchers led by
geneticist Yuri Dubrova of the University of
Leicester, United Kingdom, describe a compelling
connection between radioactive fallout and
elevated mutation rates in families living
downwind of the Semipalatinsk nuclear facility
...
88The findings bolster a controversial 1996 report
by Dubrova and a different group of colleagues
that linked germ line mutations to fallout from
the 1986 Chornobyl explosion. That study,
published in Nature, described double the usual
mutation rate in the children of men living in a
region of Belarus heavily contaminated with
cesium 137. In each subject they examined eight
minisatellite DNA regions that are prone to
mutations. ... Compared to control families in a
nonirradiated part of Kazakhstan, individuals
exposed to fallout had a rougly 80 increase in
mutation rate, and their children showed an
average rise of 50.
89So it all fits together increased decay leads
to higher levels of radiation and also increases
mutation rates in humans! And there is some
evidence that the rate of decay may vary
90- Slusher (1981, p. 26) reports Anderson and
Spangler maintain that their several observations
of statistically significant deviations from the
(random) expectation strongly suggests that an
unreliability factor must be incorporated into
age-dating calculations. Such irregularities
were observed for carbon 14, cobalt 60, and
cesium 137. The source for this information is
Anderson, J.L. and Spangler, G.W., "Radiometric
Dating Is the Decay Constant' Constant?",
Pensee, p. 31.
91- Even Dalrymple (1984, p. 88) recognizes such
irregularities Under certain environmental
conditions, the decay characteristics of 14C,
60Co, and 137Ce, all of which decay by beta
emission, do deviate slightly from the ideal
random distribution predicted by current theory
... , but changes in the decay constants have not
been detected. Dalrymple cites the references
Anderson, J. L., 1972, Non-Poisson distributions
observed during counting of certain
carbon-14-labeled organic (sub) monolayers, Phys.
Chem. J. 76 3603-3612 and Anderson, J.L.and G.W.
Spangler, 1973, Serial statistics Is radioactive
decay random? Phys. Chem. J. 77 3114 - 3121.
92- What could have sped up decay rates? The
following comment by Keith Wanser, a creationist
physicist, quoted in Creation Ex Nihilo 21(4) p.
40 is significant Actually, it turns out that
when you get the nucleus "excited", decay is
going to be much quicker, making things look
vastly "older". People have been talking recently
about magnetic stars giving off big bursts of
gamma rays there are all sorts of ways that
radiometric "clocks" could have been reset
catastrophically, during the Flood, for example.
93- Furtive Glances Trigger Radioactive Decay,"
Science 2 June 2000 vol 288 page 1564 - This article shows how interactions with
elementary particles can cause decay rates to
increase. One such particle is the neutrino, and
supernovas produce many neutrinos.
94- A recent result (Science 26 April 2002 vol. 296
page 633) implies that neutrinos interact with
matter much more readily than previously thought
The results also show that another property of
neutrinos, related to how they interact with
matter, known as the mixing angle, must be large,
rather than small, contrary to what physicists
believed until quite recently.
95- Where did all the radiation come from to speed up
decay rates?
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97The Crab Nebula is the remnant of a supernova
explosion that was seen on Earth in 1054 AD. It
is 6000 light years from Earth. At the center of
the bright nebula is a rapidly spinning neutron
star, or pulsar that emits pulses of radiation 30
times a second.
98The Crab Nebula
99SN 1987A. Elle apparut le 23 février 1987
100- Gamma rays may have devastated life on Earth 24
September 03 New Scientist A devastating burst of
gamma rays may have caused one of Earth's worst
mass extinctions, 443 million years ago. A team
of astrophysicists and palaeontologists says the
pattern of trilobite extinctions at that time
resembles the expected effects of a nearby
gamma-ray burst (GRB).
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102- GRBs are the most powerful explosions known. As
giant stars collapse into black holes at the end
of their lives, they fire incredibly intense
pulses of gamma rays from their poles that can be
detected even from across the universe for 10
seconds or so.
103- Now Melott believes he has palaeontological
evidence that this actually happened at the end
of the Ordovician period 443 million years ago,
causing one of the five largest extinctions of
the past 500 million years.
104- The researchers found that species of trilobite
that spent some of their lives in the plankton
layer near the ocean surface were much harder hit
than deep-water dwellers, which tended to stay
put within quite restricted areas. - Melott says this unusual pattern could be
explained by a GRB, which would probably
devastate creatures living on land and near the
ocean surface, but leave deep-sea creatures
relatively unharmed.
105- Supernova "smoking gun" linked to mass
extinctions 09 January 02 New Scientist - They found atoms of a very rare isotope of iron,
60Fe, in cores taken from the ocean floor. 60Fe
is rare in the solar system because it has a
half-life of 1.5 million years. The German group
suggested that the iron arrived on Earth as
fallout from a nearby supernova about two million
years ago.
106- This is about the time that fossil records
indicate that many marine molluscs went extinct.
Donald Clayton, an astronomer at Clemson
University, says the story appears consistent
"The amount of 60Fe found in deposits is about
what you might expect from a supernova going off
about 100 light-years away." Clayton says 60Fe
would be blasted towards Earth when high energy
neutrons from the supernova core smack into iron
atoms in its outer shell.
107- Supernova poised to go off near Earth
 1030 23 May 02 New Scientist. A student at
Harvard University has stumbled across the
terrifying spectacle of a star in our galactic
backyard that is on the brink of exploding in a
supernova. It is so close that if it were to blow
up before moving away from us, it could wipe out
life on Earth.
108- We are only 150 light years away from HR 8210 at
present - well short of the 160 to 200 light
years thought to be the minimum safe distance
from a supernova. If it did let fly, the
high-energy electromagnetic radiation and cosmic
rays it released would destroy Earth's ozone
layer within minutes, giving life little chance
of survival. "The fact that there's such a system
so close to us suggests maybe these objects are
not so rare," says Latham.
109- But which supernova might have been responsible
for the increase in decay rates?
110- The Gum Nebula is a huge constellation in the
Southern hemisphere, about 1000 light years away,
and extending over at least 40 degrees of the
sky. The Gum Nebula is thought to be the remnant
of one or more ancient supernovae. One pulsar in
this region, perhaps not associated with the Gum
Nebula, is the Vela Pulsar, which is about 800
light years away and estimated to be about 11,000
years old.
111- However, if the dating of pulsars is wrong, as
has recently been suggested, then the Vela Pulsar
could be much younger, and may have arisen only
4,500 years ago, or about the time of the Flood.
The Vela supernova remnant is now about 230 light
years across and covers over 100 times the sky
area of the full moon.
112- Vela Supernova Remnant in X-ray
113- Vela Pulsar Neutron Star-Ring-Jet
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115- Another evidence of a recent creation comets
116Comets crumble too quickly
Comet
Losses
Sun
117Kuiper Belt
118- Kuiper belt supposed source of short period
comets was recently found to have only 4
percent of the necessary objects! - (Science 5 Sept. 2003 vol. 301 page 1304 Comet
'Factory' Found to Have Too Little Inventory) - Comets must have been recently produced, then, by
some kind of a catastrophe.
119Asteroid Belt
120- Correlation between surface heat flow and the
radioactivity of surface rocks (RATE book, page
80) - Robert Gentry claims to have found "squashed"
polonium haloes as well as embryonic uranium
radiohaloes in coal deposits from many geological
layers claimed to be hundreds of millions of
years old. (See the Oct. 15, 1976 issue of
Science.)
121Polonium halo
122Squashed Polonium haloes from coalified wood
123Evidence for a recent creation
- Helium retention in zircons
- Recent Carbon 14 dates
- Radiation and accelerated decay
- Evidence of accelerated mutation rate
- Evidence of a nearby supernova
- Lack of objects in the Kuiper belt
- Correlation between surface heat flow and the
radioactivity of surface rocks
124- Many lines of evidence are beginning to fit
together into a consistent picture. - How much evidence is necessary before a paradigm
shift occurs?
125- Revelation 146Â Â Â And I saw another angel fly in
the midst of heaven, having the everlasting
gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the
earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and
tongue, and people,7Â Â Â Saying with a loud voice,
Fear God, and give glory to him for the hour of
his judgment is come and worship him that made
heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains
of waters.
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