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Evidence for a Recent Creation

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Title: Evidence for a Recent Creation


1
Evidence for a Recent Creation
  • David A. Plaisted

2
Evidences for a Worldwide Flood
  • Sedimentary deposits unlike any produced today
  • Uniform sedimentary layers extending hundreds of
    miles in all directions
  • Some thick and extensive sedimentary layers have
    remarkable purity
  • Limestone layers, hundreds of feet thick, are
    sometimes found
  • Lack of erosion between the layers Did millions
    of years fly by with no discernible effect?
  • One would think in even a thousand years there
    would be roots or worm burrows or stream erosion
    or clam tracks. Instead, most of the interfaces
    are sharply defined.

3
  • 257 Flood legends
  • Evidences of catastrophe in the geological
    column Contemporary geologists and
    paleontologists now generally accept catastrophe
    as a 'way of life' although they may avoid the
    word catastrophe
  • There are numerous examples of sediments composed
    of many thin laminae that were laid down rapidly
    in short periods of time, even in minutes
  • Some geologists estimate that over 40 percent of
    the sediments laid down in the past came from
    turbidity currents, which are associated with
    rapid deposition of sediment

4
  • FOSSILS! Dead animals and plants quickly decay,
    are eaten, or are destroyed by the elements
  • Fossil caves, fissures, mass burial sites, and
    sedimentary strata discovered in Europe and
    America are jammed with masses of mixed bones of
    many sorts of animals from widely separated and
    differing climatic zones
  • Fossils often display evidence of terror and
    struggle
  • British paleontologist Derek V. Ager believes
    that most fossils were produced in short periods
    of catastrophic activity separated by long
    periods of relative quiet

5
Problems
  • Animal tracks
  • Nests of dinosaur eggs
  • There is some evidence they were produced under
    water
  • Or they may have been produced after the flood
    when the crust of the earth was very soft and the
    rate of erosion was very high

6
Rapid burial?
7
Is the present really key to the past?
The Grand Canyon
Mount St Helens
8
Evolution Predictions
  • Gradual change

Evolutionary tree
One hundred and twenty years of paleontological
research later, it has become abundantly clear
that the fossil record will not confirm this part
of Darwins predictions. Nor is the problem a
miserably poor record. The fossil record simply
shows that this prediction is wrong. Eldredge
Tattersall, The Myths of Human Evolution,
1982, p45-46
9
Evolution Predictions
  • Gradual change
  • Simple to complex

Evolutionary tree
The old Darwinian view of evolution as a ladder
of more and more efficient forms leading up to
the present is not borne out by the evidence. -
N.D. Newell, Why Scientists believe in Evolution,
1984, p 10, American Geological Institute pamphlet
10
Evolution Predictions
  • Gradual change
  • Simple to complex
  • Clear-cut lineages

Evolutionary tree
The known fossil record fails to document a
single example of phyletic evolution
accomplishing a major morphologic transition and
hence offers no evidence that a gradualistic
model can be valid. - Steven M. Stanley,
Macroevolution Pattern and Process. 1979
11
Evolution Predictions
  • Gradual change
  • Simple to complex
  • Clear-cut lineages
  • Identifiable common ancestors

Evolutionary tree
The gaps in the record are real, however. The
absence of a record of any important branching is
quite phenomenal R. Wesson, Beyond Natural
Selection, 1991, p 45
12
Creation Predictions
  • Sudden appearance

Creationist Orchard
One of the most difficult problems in
evolutionary paleontology has been the almost
abrupt appearance of the major animal groups -
A. G. Fisher, Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia,
1998, fossil section
13
Creation Predictions
  • Sudden appearance
  • Fully developed

Creationist Orchard
the Cambrian strata of rocks, vintage about 600
million years, are the oldest in which we find
most of the major invertebrate groups. And we
find many of them already in an advanced state of
evolution, the very first time they appear. It is
as though they were just planted there, without
any evolutionary history. Needless to say, this
appearance of sudden planting has delighted
creationists Richard Dawkins, The Blind
Watchmaker, 1987, p 229
14
Creation Predictions
  • Sudden appearance
  • Fully developed

Creationist Orchard
  • Stasis (little change over time)

The observation that species are amazingly
conservative and static entities throughout long
periods of time has all the qualities of the
emperors new clothes everyone knew it but
preferred to ignore it. Paleontologists, faced
with a recalcitrant record obstinately refusing
to yield Darwins predicted pattern, simply
looked the other way - Eldredge and Tattersall,
The Myths of Human Evolution, 1982, p 45-46
15
Vertebrates in the Cambrian!
The emergence of such a sophisticated creature
at so early a date show that modern life forms
burst on the scene suddenlyNeo-Darwinism cannot
account for the sudden emergence of so many new
genetic forms - Prof. Jun-Yuan Chen, quoted in
A Little Fish Challenges A Giant Of Science -
The Boston Globe, May 30, 2000
16
Punctuated Equilibrium
  • Many biologists believe that evolution happened
    in spurts, too fast to be seen in the fossil
    record
  • Why would one think so unless one believed in
    evolution in the first place?

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18
Complex Invertebrates
  • Complex invertebrates make up the vast majority
    of the fossil record, roughly 95. We have
    cataloged literally millions of different species
    of these very complex creatures, and we have
    entire fossils, not just pieces here and there.
    In this rich and virtually complete portion of
    the fossil record, there is not a single sign of
    evolution, whatsoever!!!2

19
Plants, Algae, and Insects
  • The remaining 5 consists mostly of plants
    algae, where again we find no fossil evidence of
    evolution, whatsoever.3 In the small portion that
    includes insects, again we find no fossil
    evidence of evolution, whatsoever.4.
  • The transformation from invertebrate to
    vertebrate would have been a major event in the
    earths evolutionary history. Yet the fossil
    record does not leave a single shred of evidence
    for this enormous transformation!5.

20
Fish and Land Vertebrates
  • So all that is left is a sliver of a corner of
    the fossil record, the vertebrates. The bulk of
    this sliver is made up of fish, where we again
    find no sign of evolution whatsoever.5 A small
    remainder of this miniscule sliver is left for
    the land-dwelling vertebrates. Of the
    land-dwelling vertebrate species unearthed, 95
    are represented by a bone or less1. Yet this is
    where the evolutionist concentrates all his
    efforts to "show" to his audience that "the
    fossil record supports evolution"!

21
  • In the widely used college undergraduate textbook
    Evolutionary Biology (3rd Ed. 1998), author
    Douglas Futuyma does not list one single
    transitional leading up to the complex
    invertebrates (see chapter 6 in particular,
    Evolving Lineages in the Fossil Record). All
    his transitional examples spanning orders or
    classes are vertebrates! His only mention of the
    "evolution" of the complex invertebrates is a
    brief snippet on the changes in rib numbers on
    trilobites! This of course is nothing more than
    small-scale variation, or micro-evolution. Also
    see Invertebrate Beginnings, Paleobiology, 6
    365-70, R.D. Barnes, 1980.

22
  •  Botanists at the University of Nebraska recently
    wrote The mystery of the origin of flowering
    plants was and still is complicated by the lack
    of any obvious candidates for next-of-kin for the
    group. See The Abominable Mystery Of The First
    Flowers Clues from Nebraska and Kansas, by M. R.
    Bolick and R. K. Pabian.

23
  • The words of widely recognized evolutionist
    botanist E.J.H. Corner of Cambridge University
    still ring true 40 years after he wrote them
    But I still think that, to the unprejudiced, the
    fossil record of plants is in favor of special
    creation ... Can you imaging how an orchid, a
    duck weed, and a palm have come from the same
    ancestry, and have we any evidence for this
    assumption? The evolutionist must be prepared
    with an answer, but I think that most would break
    down before an inquisition - Contemporary
    Botanical Thought., MacLeod, A.M. and Cobley,
    L.S. (eds) 1961. Chicago Quadrangle Books, p 97.

24
  •   The 2001 Encyclopædia Britannica Online states
    No fossils have yet been found from the Late
    Devonian or Early Carboniferous periods, when the
    key characters of present-day insects are
    believed to have evolved thus, early evolution
    must be inferred from the morphology of extant
    insects.- Insect Insect Fossil Record,
    Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2001. 
    lthttp//members.eb.com/bol/topic?eu108350sctn35
    gt  

25
  • The lack of fossils intermediate between
    invertebrate and vertebrate is well documented in
    the scientific literature. Carl Zimmer in Science
    magazine recently wrote But the record provides
    few clues to help resolve this contradiction,
    because there are no animal fossils that old and
    no examples of an intermediate species.(In
    Search Of Vertebrate Origins Beyond Brain And
    Bone, Science, March 3, 2000  emphasis
    added). 
  • The extensive marine beds of the Silurian and
    those of the Ordovician are essentially void of
    vertebrate history- Fish", Encyclopædia
    Britannica Online 2001emphasis added 

26
Dinosaurs
  • Evolutionists cannot offer a single example of
    an ancestor of the dinosaurs. See figure
    Dinosaur Family Tree, from Encyclopædia
    Britannica Online.
  • Source for some slides
  • http//www.evolutionfairytale.com/articles_debates
    /fossil_illusion.htm

27
A whale of a tale
Among the important recent discoveries is
Pakicetus, known from a skull found in a
riverine Douglas Futuyma, Evolutionary Biology,
1998, p 196
Pakicetus
28
Piltdown Man
Brown actual bones White portion artist has
filled in with clay
  • Discovered in 1910
  • Exposed as fraud in 1953

29
Macro vrs MicroEvolution
The Evolution Definition Shell Game
Unlimited Variation
Limited Variation
30
The Evolution of Resistant Bacteria
There are three primary ways drug resistance
occurs
  • 1. Some resistant strains already existed
  • 2. Mutation caused strain to become resistant
    (loss of information)
  • 3. Some germs directly transfer their resistance
    to others

31
  • Earth
  • Precise distance from Sun
  • Precise mass to retain atmosphere and ocean
  • Ideal axis tilt, orbit, spin rate, and radius
  • Ideal mass and color of Sun
  • Moon is precise distance and size to stabilize
    tilt and produce tides
  • Jupiters distance and mass maintain earths
    orbit and sweep up comets and asteroids
  • Ideal Carbon dioxide and oxygen/nitrogen ratios
  • The charge and masses of fundamental particles
    have remarkably tight tolerances any small
    change renders life impossible.
  • MANY MORE FINE-TUNED PARAMETERS!

32
DNA Language of Life
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36
Virtually every ancient culture has dragon legends
From World Book Encyclopedia
The dragons of legend are strangely like actual
creatures that have lived in the past. They are
much like the great reptiles dinosaurs which
inhabited the earth long before man was supposed
to have appeared on earth. Dragons were generally
evil and destructive. Every country had them in
its mythology.1
1 1973 World Book Encyclopedia, p 265
37
Ceremonial Burial Stones from Peruvian
Tombs(c.a. 500-1500 AD)
What kind of Dino does this look like?
38
Dinosaur Figurines from Mexico(from the
Pre-classical Chupicuaro Culture 800 BC 200 AD)
What kind of Dino does this look like?
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47
2 Peter 33-6 knowing this first that scoffers
will come in the last days, walking according to
their own lusts, and saying, "Where is the
promise of His coming? For since the fathers fell
asleep, all things continue as they were from the
beginning of creation." For this they willfully
forget that by the word of God the heavens were
of old, and the earth standing out of water and
in the water, by which the world that then
existed perished, being flooded with water.
48
Psalms 1188 It is better to trust in the LORD
Than to put confidence in man.
49
Evidence for accelerated decay
  • Helium retention in zircons
  • Recent Carbon 14 dates
  • Radiation and accelerated decay
  • Evidence of accelerated mutation rate
  • Evidence of a nearby supernova
  • Lack of objects in the Kuiper belt
  • Correlation between surface heat flow and the
    radioactivity of surface rocks

50
  • Many lines of evidence are beginning to fit
    together into a consistent picture.
  • How much evidence is necessary before a paradigm
    shift occurs?

51
  • Creationists now feel that billions of years
    worth of radioactive decay has occurred on earth,
    giving old isotopic dates, but this decay took
    place in only a few thousand years.

52
  • These results suggest that the earth was created
    a six or seven thousand years ago and life was
    created soon thereafter
  • These results do not constrain the age of the
    universe
  • Many creationists believe the universe is also
    young
  • Some young earth creationists believe the
    universe is old

53
Alpha Decay
54
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55
ZIRCONS
56
  • HELIUM DIFFUSION RATES SUPPORT ACCELERATED
    NUCLEAR DECAY
  • D. RUSSELL HUMPHREYS, STEVEN A. AUSTIN, JOHN R.
    BAUMGARDNER, ANDREW A. SNELLING
  • International Conference on Creationism
  • Geneva College, Beaver Falls, PAAugust 4-9,
    2003

57
  • Two decades ago, Robert Gentry and his colleagues
    at Oak Ridge National Laboratory reported
    surprisingly high amounts of nuclear-decay-generat
    ed helium in tiny radioactive zircons from
    Precambrian rock. Up to 58 of the helium (that
    radioactivity would have generated during the
    alleged 1.5 billion year age of the granodiorite)
    was still in the zircons. Yet the zircons were so
    small that they should not have retained the
    helium for even a tiny fraction of that time.

58
  • The high helium retention levels suggested to us
    and many other creationists that the helium
    simply had not had enough time to diffuse out of
    the zircons, and that recent accelerated nuclear
    decay had produced over a billion years worth of
    helium within only the last few thousand years,
    during Creation and/or the Flood. Such
    acceleration would reduce the radioisotopic time
    scale from megayears down to months.

59
  • However, until a few years ago nobody had done
    the experimental and theoretical studies
    necessary to confirm this conclusion
    quantitatively. In 2000 the RATE project 14
    began experiments to measure the diffusion rates
    of helium in zircon and biotite. We show that
    these data limit the age of these rocks to
    between 4,000 and 14,000 years. These results
    support our hypothesis of accelerated nuclear
    decay and represent strong scientific evidence
    for the young world of Scripture.

60
Carbon 14 is produced in the atmosphere by cosmic
rays and then slowly decays. The older an
organic sample is, the less carbon 14 it will
contain because it will not be absorbing new
carbon 14 after it dies.
61
  • MEASURABLE 14C IN FOSSILIZED ORGANIC MATERIALS
    CONFIRMING THE YOUNG EARTH CREATION-FLOOD MODEL
  • JOHN R. BAUMGARDNER,D. RUSSELL HUMPHREYS, ANDREW
    A. SNELLING, STEVEN A. AUSTIN
  • International Conference on Creationism
  • Geneva College, Beaver Falls, PAAugust 4-9,
    2003

62
  • ABSTRACT
  • Given the short 14C half-life of 5730 years,
    organic materials purportedly older than 250,000
    years should contain absolutely no detectable
    14C. An astonishing discovery made over the past
    twenty years is that, almost without exception,
    when tested by highly sensitive accelerator mass
    spectrometer (AMS) methods, organic samples from
    every portion of the fossil record show
    detectable amounts of 14C!

63
  • 14C/C ratios from all but the youngest samples
    appear to be clustered in the range 0.1-0.5 pmc
    (percent modern carbon), regardless of geological
    age. A straightforward conclusion that can be
    drawn from these observations is that all but the
    very youngest fossilized organic material was
    buried contemporaneously much less than 250,000
    years ago. This is consistent with the Biblical
    account of a global Flood that destroyed most of
    the air-breathing life on the planet in a single
    brief cataclysm only a few thousand years ago.

64
  • Giem 18 reviewed the literature and tabulated
    about seventy reported AMS measurements of 14C in
    organic materials from the geologic record that,
    according to the conventional geologic
    time-scale, should be 14C dead. The surprising
    result is that organic samples from every portion
    of the
  • fossil record show detectable amounts of 14C. For
    the measurements considered most reliable, the
    14C/C ratios appear to fall in the range 0.1-0.5
    percent of the modern 14C/C ratio (percent modern
    carbon, or pmc).
  • 0.1 percent modern carbon corresponds to a
    computed age of 57,000 years!

65
  • The conventional uniformitarian age for these
    samples is well beyond 100,000 years (in most
    cases it is tens to hundreds of millions of
    years).
  • The samples include coal, anthracite, and natural
    gas, as well as wood, shells, foraminifera, and
    other fossils. Even some Precambrian graphite
    samples have carbon 14 ages of about 60,000
    years!
  • Some of the researchers tried to explain this
    carbon 14 as contamination, but none of their
    attempts to clean it were successful.

66
  • AMS analyses reveal carbon from fossil remains of
    living organisms, regardless of their position in
    the geological record, consistently contain 14C
    levels far in excess of the AMS machine
    threshold, even when extreme pre-treatment
    methods are applied. Experiments in which the
    sample size is varied argue compellingly that the
    14C is intrinsic to the fossil material and not a
    result of handling or pre-treatment. These
    conclusions continue to be confirmed in the very
    latest peer-reviewed papers.

67
  • Moreover, even non-organic carbon samples appear
    consistently to yield 14C levels well above
    machine threshold. Graphite samples formed under
    metamorphic and reducing conditions in
    Precambrian limestone environments commonly
    display 14C values on the order of 0.05 pmc. A
    good question is what possibly could be the
    source of the 14C in this material? We conclude
    that the possibility this 14C is primordial is a
    reasonable one.

68
Organic matter consistently has a higher 14C
ratio than Precambrian inorganic matter
  • Not noise
  • Not contamination

69
  • Dr Baumgardner sent a diamond for C-14 dating. 
    It was the first time this had been attempted,
    and the answer came back positivei.e. the
    diamond, formed deep inside the earth in a
    Precambrian layer, nevertheless contained
    radioactive carbon, even though it shouldnt
    have.  This is exceptionally striking evidence,
    because a diamond has remarkably powerful lattice
    bonds, so there is no way that subsequent
    biological contamination can be expected to find
    its way into the interior.

70
  • The diamonds carbon-dated age of lt58,000 years
    is thus an upper limit for the age of the whole
    earth.  And this age is brought down still
    further now that the helium diffusion results
    have so strongly affirmed dramatic past
    acceleration of radioactive decay.

71
  • The fact that isotopic dates are generally too
    old by hundreds of millions of years, but Carbon
    14 dates are only too old by thousands of years,
    is also evidence for accelerated decay because
    Carbon 14 decays much faster.

72
  • An ounce of silver a pound of gold Not much
    difference
  • An ounce of silver a pound of bricks Big
    difference
  • 5.00 doesnt mean much to a millionaire
  • 5.00 means a lot to a beggar!
  • 100 1/10 not much increase
  • .001 1/10 big increase

73
  • Small half life Decay is frequent
  • Large half life Decay is rare
  • Extra decay makes little difference if decay is
    frequent
  • Extra decay makes large difference if decay is
    rare
  • Conclusion
  • Isotopic ages of elements with large half lives
    should be more affected by an increase in decay
    rates

74
Half Lives for Radioactive Elements
Radioactive Parent Stable Daughter Half life
Potassium 40 Argon 40 1.25 billion yrs
Rubidium 87 Strontium 87 48.8 billion yrs
Thorium 232 Lead 208 14 billion years
Uranium 235 Lead 207 704 million years
Uranium 238 Lead 206 4.47 billion years
Carbon 14 Nitrogen 14 5730 years
75
  • Alpha decay and beta decay use different
    processes
  • Therefore they may not be affected the same by an
    increase in the decay rate
  • So discordances between alpha and beta decay ages
    are an evidence of disturbed decay

76
  • Expected evidence of increase in decay rates
  • Carbon 14 ages much younger than other isotopic
    ages like K-Ar, U-Pb, et cetera
  • Alpha and beta ages should differ
  • Long half live ages more affected than short half
    life ages

77
RADIOISOTOPES IN THE DIABASE SILL (UPPER
PRECAMBRIAN) AT BASS RAPIDS, GRAND CANYON,
ARIZONA AN APPLICATION AND TEST OF THE ISOCHRON
DATING METHOD STEVEN A. AUSTIN, Ph.D. ANDREW A.
SNELLING, Ph.D. WILLIAM A. HOESCH
78
Evidence for accelerated decay rates obtained
from isotopic dates themselves
Even airtight isotopic dates disagree the only
explanation is a change in decay rates!
79
  • ABSTRACT The five-point Rb-Sr whole-rock
    isochron age of 1.07 Ga for the diabase sill at
    Bass Rapids, Grand Canyon, has been regarded for
    20 years as an excellent example of the
    application of conventional radioisotopic dating.
    However, our new K-Ar, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb
    radioisotope data from eleven whole-rock samples
    (eight diabase, three granophyre) and six mineral
    phases separated from one of the whole-rock
    diabase samples yield discordant whole-rock and
    mineral isochron ages.

80
  • These isochron ages range from 841.5164 Ma
    (whole-rock K-Ar) to 1375170 Ma (mineral Sm-Nd).
    Each method appears to yield concordant ages
    internally between whole rocks and minerals. It
    is therefore argued that only changing
    radioisotope decay rates in the past could
    account for these discordant isochron ages for
    the same geologic event. Furthermore, these data
    are consistent with alpha decay having been
    accelerated more than beta decay, and with the
    longer the present half-life the greater being
    the acceleration factor.

81
  • This is not an isolated phenomenon but is
    characteristic of isotopic dates

82
  • Austin has already documented that, when the
    mineral isochron method is applied as a test of
    the assumptions of radioisotopic dating,
    discordances inevitably result. According to
    Austin, four categories of discordance are found
    in suites of rocks with a common origin (1) two
    or more discordant whole rock isochron ages, (2)
    a whole-rock isochron age older than the
    associated mineral isochron ages, (3) two or more
    discordant mineral isochrons from the same rock,
    and (4) a whole-rock isochron age younger than
    the associated mineral isochron ages. Our
    radioisotope data from the Bass Rapids diabase
    sill exhibit all four categories of isochron
    discordance. Thus the assumptions of
    radioisotopic dating must be questioned.

83
  • Airtight dates disagree
  • An evidence of a change in the decay rates

84
Mutation rates
Mitochondrial DNA appears to mutate much faster
than expected, prompting new DNA forensics
procedures and raising troubling questions about
the dating of evolutionary events.
...Regardless of the cause, evolutionists are
most concerned about the effect of a faster
mutation rate. For example, researchers have
calculated that "mitochondrial Eve"--the woman
whose mtDNA was ancestral to that in all living
people--lived 100,000 to 200,000 years ago in
Africa. Using the new clock,
she would be a mere 6000
years old
Gibbons, Ann, Calibrating the Mitochondrial
Clock, Science, Vol 279, No. 5347, Jan 1998, pp.
28 - 29.
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86
Mutation rates
In fact, a similar argument gives young ages for
wolves, coyotes, dogs, ducks, birds, E. Coli, and
Drosophila (fruit flies). Probably many
organisms can be shown to have originated within
the past few thousand years using genetic
diversity arguments.
87
Ages computed from nuclear DNA diversity are
larger than ages computed from mtDNA diversity.
This is also evidence for an accelerated mutation
rate in the past because nuclear DNA mutates much
slower and would be more affected. But what
caused the increase? There is evidence that
small doses of radiation can lead to unexpectedly
high mutation rates in humans (Science 8 February
2002 vol. 295 page 946) ... researchers led by
geneticist Yuri Dubrova of the University of
Leicester, United Kingdom, describe a compelling
connection between radioactive fallout and
elevated mutation rates in families living
downwind of the Semipalatinsk nuclear facility
...
88
The findings bolster a controversial 1996 report
by Dubrova and a different group of colleagues
that linked germ line mutations to fallout from
the 1986 Chornobyl explosion. That study,
published in Nature, described double the usual
mutation rate in the children of men living in a
region of Belarus heavily contaminated with
cesium 137. In each subject they examined eight
minisatellite DNA regions that are prone to
mutations. ... Compared to control families in a
nonirradiated part of Kazakhstan, individuals
exposed to fallout had a rougly 80 increase in
mutation rate, and their children showed an
average rise of 50.
89
So it all fits together increased decay leads
to higher levels of radiation and also increases
mutation rates in humans! And there is some
evidence that the rate of decay may vary
90
  • Slusher (1981, p. 26) reports Anderson and
    Spangler maintain that their several observations
    of statistically significant deviations from the
    (random) expectation strongly suggests that an
    unreliability factor must be incorporated into
    age-dating calculations. Such irregularities
    were observed for carbon 14, cobalt 60, and
    cesium 137. The source for this information is
    Anderson, J.L. and Spangler, G.W., "Radiometric
    Dating Is the Decay Constant' Constant?",
    Pensee, p. 31.

91
  • Even Dalrymple (1984, p. 88) recognizes such
    irregularities Under certain environmental
    conditions, the decay characteristics of 14C,
    60Co, and 137Ce, all of which decay by beta
    emission, do deviate slightly from the ideal
    random distribution predicted by current theory
    ... , but changes in the decay constants have not
    been detected. Dalrymple cites the references
    Anderson, J. L., 1972, Non-Poisson distributions
    observed during counting of certain
    carbon-14-labeled organic (sub) monolayers, Phys.
    Chem. J. 76 3603-3612 and Anderson, J.L.and G.W.
    Spangler, 1973, Serial statistics Is radioactive
    decay random? Phys. Chem. J. 77 3114 - 3121.

92
  • What could have sped up decay rates? The
    following comment by Keith Wanser, a creationist
    physicist, quoted in Creation Ex Nihilo 21(4) p.
    40 is significant Actually, it turns out that
    when you get the nucleus "excited", decay is
    going to be much quicker, making things look
    vastly "older". People have been talking recently
    about magnetic stars giving off big bursts of
    gamma rays there are all sorts of ways that
    radiometric "clocks" could have been reset
    catastrophically, during the Flood, for example.

93
  • Furtive Glances Trigger Radioactive Decay,"
    Science 2 June 2000 vol 288 page 1564
  • This article shows how interactions with
    elementary particles can cause decay rates to
    increase. One such particle is the neutrino, and
    supernovas produce many neutrinos.

94
  • A recent result (Science 26 April 2002 vol. 296
    page 633) implies that neutrinos interact with
    matter much more readily than previously thought
    The results also show that another property of
    neutrinos, related to how they interact with
    matter, known as the mixing angle, must be large,
    rather than small, contrary to what physicists
    believed until quite recently.

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  • Where did all the radiation come from to speed up
    decay rates?

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The Crab Nebula is the remnant of a supernova
explosion that was seen on Earth in 1054 AD. It
is 6000 light years from Earth. At the center of
the bright nebula is a rapidly spinning neutron
star, or pulsar that emits pulses of radiation 30
times a second.
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The Crab Nebula
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SN 1987A. Elle apparut le 23 février 1987
100
  • Gamma rays may have devastated life on Earth 24
    September 03 New Scientist A devastating burst of
    gamma rays may have caused one of Earth's worst
    mass extinctions, 443 million years ago. A team
    of astrophysicists and palaeontologists says the
    pattern of trilobite extinctions at that time
    resembles the expected effects of a nearby
    gamma-ray burst (GRB).

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  • GRBs are the most powerful explosions known. As
    giant stars collapse into black holes at the end
    of their lives, they fire incredibly intense
    pulses of gamma rays from their poles that can be
    detected even from across the universe for 10
    seconds or so.

103
  • Now Melott believes he has palaeontological
    evidence that this actually happened at the end
    of the Ordovician period 443 million years ago,
    causing one of the five largest extinctions of
    the past 500 million years.

104
  • The researchers found that species of trilobite
    that spent some of their lives in the plankton
    layer near the ocean surface were much harder hit
    than deep-water dwellers, which tended to stay
    put within quite restricted areas.
  • Melott says this unusual pattern could be
    explained by a GRB, which would probably
    devastate creatures living on land and near the
    ocean surface, but leave deep-sea creatures
    relatively unharmed.

105
  • Supernova "smoking gun" linked to mass
    extinctions 09 January 02 New Scientist
  • They found atoms of a very rare isotope of iron,
    60Fe, in cores taken from the ocean floor. 60Fe
    is rare in the solar system because it has a
    half-life of 1.5 million years. The German group
    suggested that the iron arrived on Earth as
    fallout from a nearby supernova about two million
    years ago.

106
  • This is about the time that fossil records
    indicate that many marine molluscs went extinct.
    Donald Clayton, an astronomer at Clemson
    University, says the story appears consistent
    "The amount of 60Fe found in deposits is about
    what you might expect from a supernova going off
    about 100 light-years away." Clayton says 60Fe
    would be blasted towards Earth when high energy
    neutrons from the supernova core smack into iron
    atoms in its outer shell.

107
  • Supernova poised to go off near Earth
     1030 23 May 02 New Scientist. A student at
    Harvard University has stumbled across the
    terrifying spectacle of a star in our galactic
    backyard that is on the brink of exploding in a
    supernova. It is so close that if it were to blow
    up before moving away from us, it could wipe out
    life on Earth.

108
  • We are only 150 light years away from HR 8210 at
    present - well short of the 160 to 200 light
    years thought to be the minimum safe distance
    from a supernova. If it did let fly, the
    high-energy electromagnetic radiation and cosmic
    rays it released would destroy Earth's ozone
    layer within minutes, giving life little chance
    of survival. "The fact that there's such a system
    so close to us suggests maybe these objects are
    not so rare," says Latham.

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  • But which supernova might have been responsible
    for the increase in decay rates?

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  • The Gum Nebula is a huge constellation in the
    Southern hemisphere, about 1000 light years away,
    and extending over at least 40 degrees of the
    sky. The Gum Nebula is thought to be the remnant
    of one or more ancient supernovae. One pulsar in
    this region, perhaps not associated with the Gum
    Nebula, is the Vela Pulsar, which is about 800
    light years away and estimated to be about 11,000
    years old.

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  • However, if the dating of pulsars is wrong, as
    has recently been suggested, then the Vela Pulsar
    could be much younger, and may have arisen only
    4,500 years ago, or about the time of the Flood.
    The Vela supernova remnant is now about 230 light
    years across and covers over 100 times the sky
    area of the full moon.

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  • Vela Supernova Remnant in X-ray

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  • Vela Pulsar Neutron Star-Ring-Jet

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  • Another evidence of a recent creation comets

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Comets crumble too quickly
Comet
Losses
Sun
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Kuiper Belt
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  • Kuiper belt supposed source of short period
    comets was recently found to have only 4
    percent of the necessary objects!
  • (Science 5 Sept. 2003 vol. 301 page 1304 Comet
    'Factory' Found to Have Too Little Inventory)
  • Comets must have been recently produced, then, by
    some kind of a catastrophe.

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Asteroid Belt
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  • Correlation between surface heat flow and the
    radioactivity of surface rocks (RATE book, page
    80)
  • Robert Gentry claims to have found "squashed"
    polonium haloes as well as embryonic uranium
    radiohaloes in coal deposits from many geological
    layers claimed to be hundreds of millions of
    years old. (See the Oct. 15, 1976 issue of
    Science.)

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Polonium halo
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Squashed Polonium haloes from coalified wood
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Evidence for a recent creation
  • Helium retention in zircons
  • Recent Carbon 14 dates
  • Radiation and accelerated decay
  • Evidence of accelerated mutation rate
  • Evidence of a nearby supernova
  • Lack of objects in the Kuiper belt
  • Correlation between surface heat flow and the
    radioactivity of surface rocks

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  • Many lines of evidence are beginning to fit
    together into a consistent picture.
  • How much evidence is necessary before a paradigm
    shift occurs?

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  • Revelation 146   And I saw another angel fly in
    the midst of heaven, having the everlasting
    gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the
    earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and
    tongue, and people,7   Saying with a loud voice,
    Fear God, and give glory to him for the hour of
    his judgment is come and worship him that made
    heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains
    of waters.

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