???????? ?ta???a ?fa?

1
???????? ?ta???a ?fa?µ?sµ???? G??ss?????a?14?
??e???? S???d??? 14-16 ?e?eµß????
2007 ??e???e?? st?? ??e??a t?? ???ss????
e?µ???s?? ?a? d?das?a??a? ?? s?µp????µat????
p??t?se?? sta e??e???d?a d?das?a??a? t??
????????? ?? de?te???/ ????? ???ssa? ??a
e???????????ss?ßet ??????t?d??enouchou_at_phil.uoa
.gr?a?ep?st?µ?? ??????
2
?? s?µp????µat???? p??t?se?? st? ??

• - de?te?e???se? ???µat???? p??t?se?? p??
  ?e?t??????? ?? s?µp????µata ??µ?t??/ ??µat????
  e?f??se??, ???µ?t??, ep???t?? ?a? ep????µ?t?? ?a?
  ?? epe????se?? ???µ?t?? ?a? a?t???µ???
• (Te?fa??p?????-???t?? ?.?. 1998 43)
• - de?te?e???se? p??t?se?? µpa????? ?????? se
  ??s? a?t??e?µ???? (??µat??, ???µat?? ? ep???t??)
  ? ?a? ?p??e?µ????, ?a? ap?te???? ???a???? ???
  t?? p??tas?? (???sµa) (???ss?? 2006 11)

3
??t??e?µe?? t?? µe??t??

• S?µp????µat???? p??t?se?? p?? ?e?t??????? ??
  ?p??e?µe?a ? a?t??e?µe?a se ??µata ?a? ???µata.
  ??d???te?a, ?µfas? d??eta?
• st? s?µp????µat??? de??t? t? s??desµ? p??
  e?s??e? t? s?µp????µat??? p??tas? (???ss?? 2006)
  / de??t? e?sa????? (Te?fa??p?????-???t?? ?.?.
  1998)
• ? ???t?se?? p?? e?s????ta? µe t??? de??te?
  ?t?/ p??, p??, ?a, a?
• st?? ep????? t?? ??µat???? t?p?? st?
  s?µp????µat??? p??tas?

4
?f??µ? t?? p??ß??µat?sµ?? (1)

• a??ste?? pe??f??e?a t?? p??tas?? ? e?a?s??t??/
  e????t?? t?µ?a? (vulnerable domain, ß?. Platzack
  1999)
• ?at??t?s? t?? t?µ?a t?? F?S?µp? (C domain)
  st? G2 ß?. Lakshmanan Selinker (1994), Bhatt
  Hancin-Bhatt (2002), Müller (2006)
• ?e???t???? p??se???se??
• Noonan (1985), Rizzi (1997), ???ss?? (1994,
  2000, 2002)

5
?f??µ? t?? p??ß??µat?sµ?? (2)

• e?te??? ß?ß?????af?a ??a t? ??µa st? ??a ????????
  (µeta?? ????? Ingria 1981, ???st?d?? 1982, 1984,
  1985, ?e???d?? F???pp???-Warburton 1984, 1985,
  Tsimpli 1990, Terzi 1992, F???pp???-Warburton
  1992, ???ss?? 1994, 2000, 2002, 2006, ?a?????sta
  1994a, 1994ß, ???e? 1994, 1997, ?sa??a??d?? 2000,
  2001, 2002, Drachman 2003, 2004)
• d?da?t??? p???? p??ß??µata/ d?s????e? t??
  µa??t?? t?? ?? ?? G2 st?? ?at??t?s? t??
  s?µp????µat???? p??t?se??

6
???ß??µata st?? ?at??t?s? t??
s?µp????µat???? st? ?? ?? G2 (1)

• ep????? t?? s?st?? de??t? e?sa?????
• ? ?ata??µ? ???e de??t? e?a?t?ta? ap?
• ta s?µas???????? ?a?a?t???st??? t??
  ?at?????µat?? e???t?s?? (Te?fa??p?????- ???t??
  ?.?. 1998, ???ss?? 2006)
• T??? ?a/?t?/p??/p??/a? f??? ?????.
• ?a?ad??t??e ?t?/p??/?a/p??/a? ?fta??e ?a? ?
  ?d??? ??a t?? ?at?stas?.
• ?p????te?t??a p??/?a/?t?/p??/a? ??asa t?
  t???? t?? ta???a?.
• ??a??t??µa? a?/?a/?t?/p??/p?? t?? ???
  ?a?ade?.

7
???ß??µata st?? ?at??t?s? t??
s?µp????µat???? st? ?? ?? G2 (2)

• d??at?t?ta s??d?asµ?? e??? ??µat?? µe
  pe??ss?te???? ap? ??a? de??te? e?sa????? µe
  s?µas???????? d?af???p???s? (t?? ??µat??)
• ? ? s?µas?a t?? de??t? ?a?????e? t? s?µas?a t??
  s?µp????µat????
• ???????a ?a d?s? t? t???f??? t??.
• ???????a ?t?/p?? ?d?sa t? t???f??? t??.
• ???e? ?a ?d??e? p??? ?a??.
• ???e? ?t?/p?? ?d??e? p??? ?a??.

8
???ß??µata st?? ?at??t?s? t??
s?µp????µat???? st? ?? ?? G2 (3)

• d??at?t?ta/ µ? d??at?t?ta pa???e???? t?? de??t?
  e?sa?????
• ??pe (?t?) ?a ???e? ?a? ? G??????.
• ??pe (?a) ???e? ?a? ? G??????.
• ? ep????? t?? de??t? ep??e??e? t?? t?p? t??
  ??µat?? t?? s?µp????µat???? ?? p??? t??
  ???/?p??? ?a? t? ?????
• ? ?a??a ????se ?a µ???e?/µ???se?/µ???se/µ????s
  e.
• ??µ??? ?t? µa? a???e?/a???se?/????se/?????e.

9

• ?p?p???? pa?????te? d?s????a? ??a t??? µa??t??
  t?? ?? ?? G2
• - ? ????? t?? µ?t????? ???ssa? (G1)
• ???ss?? (2006) µa??t?? µe G1 t?? ????????
• ???ß???e??
• - ? d?????s? ?t? ?a? p?? ?a e??a? ad?afa??? (sta
  p??ta st?d?a ?at??t?s?? t?? G2)
• - ? ???s? t?? ?t? st?? p????? ???? µp??e? ?a
  ?d???se? se ?e???e?s? t?? ???s?? t??

10

• ???tas? d?das?a??a? (???ss?? 2006)
• ????t? f?s? pa???s?as? t?? s?µp??-??µat????
  de??t?? (se pe??pt?s? p?? de? ?p?????? st? G1)
• ??e?te?? f?s? ???s? t?? de??t?? se d??f??a
  pe??ß?????ta
• ????t? f?s? ap??t?s? s??a?s??s?? ?t? ??a ??µa
  µp??e? ?a ap??t?se? d?af??et???? e?µ??e?e? a?
  s?µp?????e? ap? d?af??et????? de??te?

11
S?µp????µat???? p??t?se?? ?a? ep?peda
??????µ??e?a?

• ??a??t??? p????aµµa
• ???t??? ????????? G??ssa? (??G)
• ?a?ep?st?µ??? ?????? (????)
• - p??ß??µa a?t?st????a t?? ep?p?d?? ?a?
  s?s?et?sµ?? µe t? ????? ????pa??? ??a?s??
  ??af???? ??a t? ???ssa (de ?a µa? apas????se?),
  ß?. ??t???p????? 2001, Sp???p????? ?sa??a??d??
  2005

12

• ??t?st????a ep?p?d?? t?? d?? a?a??t????
  p????aµµ?t?? s?µf??a µe t?? µe??te? t??
  ??t???p????? (2001 55) ?a? t?? ???t?? ?.?.
  (2002 18-19)

??G ????
St???e??de? ep?ped? ?1
? ep?ped? ??sa?????? ep?ped? ?2
? ep?ped? ?as??? ep?ped? ?1
G ep?ped? ?p?ped? ep???e?a? ?2
? ep?ped? ???????µ??? ep?ped? G1
?p?ped? a?t???e?a? G2
13
S?µp????µat???? p??t?se?? ?a? ep?peda e?µ???s??
t?? ?? ?? G2?p?ped? a??a???? (1)
??G-? ????-??sa??????
- ???t?se?? µe ?t? ?a? p?? ?µa?a ?t? ???e ? ???a - ???t?se?? µe ?t? ?a? p?? ?µa?a ?t? ???e ? ???a
- ?etat??p? ap? e??? se p????? ???? (µe ??µata ?p?? ???, ??t?) ??? e?pe ?t? ?a f??e?
14
?p?ped? a??a???? (2)
??G-? ????-??sa??????
- ???t?se?? µe ?a T??? ?a f??? - ???t?se?? µe ?a T??? ?a f???
- ???t?se?? µe p?? ??a t? d???s? t?? a?t?a? ?a???µa? p?? ???e?
?a pa?ade??µata p?? pe???aµß????ta? st???
p??a?e? t?? ep?p?d?? e?????µ??e?a? p???????ta?
ap? ta a?t?st???a a?a??t??? p?????µµata.
15
?p?ped? µ?s?? (1)
??G-? ????-?as???
- S?µp????µat???? µe ?a p?? ?e?t??????? ?? ?p??e?µe?a ap??s?p?? e?f??se?? ???a? ad??at? ?a se d? a???? - ???t?se?? µe ?a ?? s?µp????µata ??µat???? e?f??se?? ?e? e??e ?a??? ?a de? t? pa?d? t??
- p??-s?µp????µat???? ?? a?t??e?µe?a ??µ?t?? T?µ?µa? p?? f??aµe µa?? ??de? p?? de? ?ta? t?p?ta s?ßa?? - ???t?se?? µe p?? ??a t? d???s? t?? a?t?a? ?a???µa? p?? µe ??µ????e? ?a? µ?? ???a?e? aµ?s??
16
?p?ped? µ?s?? (2)
??G-? ????-?as???
- ?etat??p? ap? e??? se p????? ???? ????e? p??t?se?? p?? de?????? ep???µ?a ? ?a-s?µp????µat???? ??? e?pe ?a p?e? e?e? ???t?se?? µe a? (p????e? e??t?se??) ????se? a? ape????? a???? ta ?e?f??e?a - ????? ?a S??e???????aµe ????? ?a p??µe ????
17
?p?ped? µ?s?? (3)
??G-G ????-?p???e?a?
- t? ?a ?? ?a ???e?? de ft??e?, p??pe? ?a? ?a µp??e??. - S?µp????µat???? µe p?? (e?e??e?? e?a??a?? µe ?t?) ?? ?µes? s?µp????µa ??µat??, ??s?ast???? ? ep???t?? ??µ??? ?t?/ p?? de? ???e? t? ???e?! ??µa? s??????? ?t?/ p?? ???a?e ???µ? ??????s? p??/p??
18
?p?ped? µ?s?? (4)
??G-G ????-?p???e?a?
- a?t? ?a ?s?? ?a ????? ?a ep????µa ?a ?a??te?a ?a p??a???. - ?p???a??? pe?????sµ?? st? ??µa t?? s?µp????µat???? Staµ?t?sa ?a ?ap????/?a ?ap??s? ???te?a ?a pe????/?a pe?a??? ap? t? f?ß? µ??
- ?????e? e??t?µat???? µe a? ?? ??t?se a? ???e? ?a ????s???.
19
?p?ped? p??????µ????
??G-?
- ?a ???st??? (pa????µ???, s???pt???) ?p??e? ?a ?e??????e ?ts?
- ?a-s?µp????µat??? µe ??µata t?p?? ??µ?µa? (??µa a?t??????) (e?d???? p?? e?s????ta? µe ?a, ??sta???d?? ?.?. 2001) ?e ??µ?µa? ?a t?? e?da
S?µe??s? de? ?p???e? a?af??? st?? s?µp????µat???? p??t?se?? st? ???????µ??? ?p?ped? st? a?a??t??? p????aµµa t?? ????.
20
??t?st????s? ep?p?d?? ?a? e??e???d???

• ???ß??µat??? ? a?t?st????s? ?a??? de? e??a?
  ???st? t? ?ata???t??? ep?ped? ???e e??e???d???,
  pß. Sp???p????? ?sa??a??d?? 2005 325-327.

21
???e???d?a p?? e?et?st??a? - ???t???a

• ?????? s????af?? t?? e??e???d???
• ??p?? e??e???d??? (??t?p?)
• ?as??? e??e???d?? (?a? ??? ?p?st????t??? ?????,
  ????? e?et?se?? ??p.) ??a
  d?das?a??a se t???
• ?pe????eta? se e???????? (µe ???ssa ?p?st??????
  t?? ????????)

22
???e???d?a p?? e?et?st??a? ep?ped?
a??a???? (1)

• ???e???d?a p?? ap?te???? µ???? µ?a? se???? p??
  ?a??pte? pe??ss?te?a ap? ??a ep?peda
• ??ßa??t????, ?. ??ßa??t???, F. 20022 (1997)
  ?p????????ste ???????? 1.
• ?eµ???-???d??µ?d??, ?. ?aµa??a???-?as??e???,
  ?. 2002 ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste?,
  pa?????st???te?, p??sf??e? ?a? ?????? ?a?
  ?a?? ep?t???a. ? ?p?ped?.
• ??µ?t??, ?. ?apa?e?µ???, ?. 20022 (1987)
  ???????? ???a 11.

23
???e???d?a ep?ped? a??a???? (2)

• ??da?t??? ???s?p??? S.?.?.G. t?? ??T. 1983
  ?????? ta ????????.
• ????pa, S. ?at??pa?a???t?d?, ?. 1992 ??a
  ???????? 1.
• ???e???d?a p?? ape??????ta? ap???e?st??? se
  a???????? µa??t??
• ?a?saµ???, F. ?a??ß?, ?. 2004 ???ste.
• ?a?a?aµp?p?????, ?. ?a?a?aµp?p?????, ?. 1996
  ?a ??a ???????? ?? de?te??/ ???? ???ssa
  ep????????a?? p??s????s?.

24
???e???d?a ep?ped? a??a???? (3)

• ???e???d?a p?? ?a??pt??? ?a? t?? ??? (t??
  ??aµµat????) ?????te??? ep?p?d??
• ????at??d??, S., ?eµ???-???d??µ?d??, ?.,
  ?????a?d??-??st??a, ?. ???f??a-??t???p?????, ?.
  20002 (1989) ???ete ????????
• ?aß????p?????, F., ???ts?µ?t?p?????, ?.,
  ???????d?, ?. ?a????, ?. 1997 ??a ???????? ??a
  ?????????.
• ?paµp????t??, G., ??a???st?p?????, ?.,
  ???????d?, ?., ????ß?, ?. ??ts??, ?. 20033
  (1993) ???????? G??ssa.

25
?p?ped? a??a???? t? d?d?s?eta? (1)

• Sta pe??ss?te?a ? se ??a ta e??e???d?a
• S?µp????µat???? p?? e?s????ta? µe ?a (s?????? ??
  µ???? t?? d?das?a??a? t?? ap??? ?p?ta?t????)
• ??µata ta ?p??a d????ta? ?? s?µp????µ? t???
  ?a-s?µp????µat???

26
?p?ped? a??a???? t? d?d?s?eta? (2)

• ?p?p???? (se µe???? e??e???d?a)
• s?µp????µat???? µe ?a s??e?? ?p?ta?t???
  (???????? ???a 11, ??a ???????? 1, ?????? ta
  ????????, ??a ???????? ??a ?????????, ????????
  G??ssa, ???ete ????????)
• ap??s?pa ??µata ?a? e?f??se?? µe
  ?a-s?µp????µat??? (?????? ta ????????, ???ste,
  ??a ???????? ??a ?????????, ???ete ????????)

27
?p?ped? a??a???? t? d?d?s?eta? (3)

• s?µp????µat???? µe ?t? (???????? ???a 11, ??????
  ta ????????, ???ste, ???????? G??ssa, ??a
  ???????? ??a ?????????)
• s?µp????µat???? µe p?? (?????? ta ????????,
  ???????? ???a 11, ??a ???????? ??a ?????????,
  ???????? G??ssa)
• s?µp????µat???? µe p?? (???????? ???a 11, ??????
  ta ????????, ??a ???????? ??a ?????????)

28
?p?ped? a??a???? µe??d?????a (1)

• ???p?? pa???s?as??
• se ?e?µe??, d?a?????? ? µ? (??a ???????? 1,
  ?p????????ste ???????? 1, ???????? ???a 11, ??a
  ???????? ??a µeta??ste? ? , ???ste, ??a
  ???????? ??a ?????????, ???????? G??ssa, ???ete
  ????????)
• ?????? se pa?ade??µata (?????? ta ????????)

29
?p?ped? a??a???? µe??d?????a (2)

• ?eta???ssa (s?????? ???s?µ?p?????ta? ???? t??
  pa?ad?s?a??? ??aµµat????)
• de? a?af????ta? ??t?? ?a???e? ?????? ta
  ????????, ??a ???????? 1, ?p????????ste ????????
  1, ???ste, ???ete ????????
• Se ??a ta e??e???d?a (e?t?? ap? t? ?????? ta
  ????????) pa?at??e?ta? ??ste? µe ta ??µata p??
  d????ta? s?µp????µat??? p??tas? ?? s?µp????µa t??
  ??????? t???.

30
?p?ped? a??a???? µe??d?????a (3)

• ?p?????? ??t?? ?a???e? µe s??t?µ? a?af??? st?
  ???s? t?? ?p?ta?t???? ? t?? s??d?sµ?? p??
  d?d?s?eta? ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste? ?,
  ???????? ???a 11
• ???eta? e?tetaµ??? ???s? µeta???ssa? ?a? ?a?????,
  µe d?das?a??a st? p?a?s?? t?? s??ta??? ??a
  ???????? ??a ????????? (pa?ad?s?a??? ????
  s??ta???), ???????? G??ssa (a?af??? ?a? se
  s????????? ????? pa??????a µe t??? pa?ad?s?a????)

31
?p?ped? a??a???? µe??d?????a (4)

• S??des? µe ?e?t?????e? ??a pa??de??µa, ??f?as?
  ?p?????s??, ep???µ?a?, p??s???s??, ??a??t?ta?,
  d??at?t?ta? µ?s? t?? ?a-s?µp????µat???? (??a
  ???????? 1, ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste? ? ,
  ???ste, ??a ???????? ??a ?????????)

32
???e???d?a p?? e?et?st??a? ep?ped?
µ?s?? (1)

• ???e???d?a p?? ap?te???? µ???? µ?a? se???? p??
  ?a??pte? pe??ss?te?a ap? ??a ep?peda
• ??ßa??t????, ?. ??ßa??t???, F. 20042 (1993)
  ?p????????ste ???????? 2.
• ?eµ???-???d??µ?d??, ?. ?aµa??a???-?as??e???,
  ?. 2002 ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste?,
  pa?????st???te?, p??sf??e? ?a? ?????? ?a? ?a??
  ep?t???a. ? ?p?ped?.

33
???e???d?a ep?ped? µ?s?? (2)

• ?eµ???-???d??µ?d??, ?. ?aµa??a???-?as??e???,
  ?. 2004 ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste?,
  pa?????st???te?, p??sf??e? ?a? ?????? ?a? ?a??
  ep?t???a. G ?p?ped?.
• ??µ?t??, ?. ?apa?e?µ???, ?. 19923 (1989)
  ???????? ???a 22.
• ??da?t??? ???s?p??? S??G t?? ??T. 1982
  ?e??ss?te?a ????????.
• ????pa, S. ?at??pa?a???t?d?, ?. 1993 ??a
  ???????? 2.

34
???e???d?a ep?ped? µ?s?? (3)

• ???e???d?a p?? ?a??pt??? ?a? t?? ??? (t??
  ??aµµat????) ????? ep?p?d??
• ??s???, ?., ??????, ?. ?at???e?d???d??, G.
  20012 (1994) ?a??µata ?????????.
• ??da?t??? ???s?p??? S.?.?.G. t?? ??T. 20023
  (1973/1998) ?a ??a ???????? ??a ??????.

35
?p?ped? µ?s?? t? d?d?s?eta? (1)

• ??t?µata/ p??ß??µata p?? af????? t??
  ?p???/??? t?? ??µat?? st?
  ?a-s?µp????µat??? ? t??? de??te? e?sa?????
  d?d?s???ta? ?? µ???? t?? µ??f?????a? t?? ??µat??
• - µa?? µe t?? ?p?ta?t??? (???????? ???a 22,
  ?p????????ste ???????? 2, ??a ???????? ??a
  µeta??ste? ? G?, ?e??ss?te?a ????????, ??a
  ???????? 2, ?a??µata ?????????, ?a ??a ????????
  ??a ??????)

36
?p?ped? µ?s?? t? d?d?s?eta? (2)

• - ?/ ?a? µa?? µe t?? e??et??? (???????? ???a
  22, ??a ???????? 2, ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste?
  G?, ?a ??a ???????? ??a ??????)
• Se µe???? e??e???d?a
• S?µp????µat???? µe ?t?/ p??, ?a ?a? a?
  d?d?s???ta? µa?? µe t?? p????? ????
  (?p????????ste ???????? 2, ??a ???????? 2,
  ?a??µata ????????? e??e???d?a ??a a???????? ??a
  ???????? ??a ?????????, ???????? G??ssa)

37
?p?ped? µ?s?? t? d?d?s?eta? (3)

• ?t?-/ p??-/ p??- s?µp????µat???? d?d?s???ta?
  µa?? µe ???e? p??t?se?? p?? e?s????ta? µe
  s??d?sµ??? (??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste? ? ,
  ?a??µata ????????? e??e???d?? ??a a????????
  ??a ???????? ??a ?????????)
• ??????s? ?t? ?,t? ?a? p?? p?? d?d?s?eta? st?
  p?a?s?? t?? pa???s?as?? t?? s??d?sµ?? (????????
  ???a 22)

38
?p?ped? µ?s?? t? d?d?s?eta? (4)

• S?µp????µat???? µe ???st??? ?????
• (???????? ???a 22, ?e??ss?te?a ????????, ?a ??a
  ???????? ??a ??????, ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste?
  G? e??e???d?a ??a a???????? ???????? G??ssa,
  ???ete ????????)
• ????? s?µpe????f?e? st?? ?at?ta?? ?a? ta
  e??e???d?a t?? ep?p?d?? a??a???? p?? ?a??pt???
  ?a? t?? ??? (t?? ??aµµat????) ?????te???
  ep?p?d??.

39
?p?ped? µ?s?? µe??d?????a (1)

• ???p?? pa???s?as??
• se ?e?µe??, d?a?????? ? µ? (?p????????ste
  ???????? 2, ??a ???????? 2, ???????? ???a 22,
  ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste? ? G?, ?a ??a
  ???????? ??a ??????, ?a??µata ?????????)
  ? s?????? µe ?ata??????
  ??µ?t?? ta ?p??a d????ta? ?? s?µp????µa p??t?se??
• se pa?ade??µata ??????, µe ???e? a?af???? st?
  ?e?µe?? (?e??ss?te?a ????????)

40
?p?ped? µ?s?? µe??d?????a (2)

• ?eta???ssa
• - ?e???? ?p???e? ?a? e??a? s?????? ???? t??
  pa?ad?s?a??? ??aµµat????. ???eta? epe????s? t??
  ???s?? ?ta? apa?te?ta?.
• ??? s???e???µ??a
• - e?tetaµ??? ???s? µeta???ssa? ?a? ?a?????, µe
  d?das?a??a st? p?a?s?? t?? s??ta???
  ?a??µata ????????? (pa?ad?s?a??? ???? s??ta???)

41
?p?ped? µ?s?? µe??d?????a (3)

• - pa?at??e?ta? ??t?? ?a???e?, µe s??t?µ? a?af???
  st? ???s? t?? ?p?ta?t???? ? t?? s??d?sµ?? p??
  d?d?s?eta? ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste? ?,
  ???????? ???a 22, ?a ??a ???????? ??a ??????
• - epe????s? t?? ???se?? ?a? pe?????sµ??? ???s?
  µeta???ssa? ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste? G?,
  ?p????????ste ???????? 2

42
?p?ped? µ?s?? µe??d?????a (4)

• - de? d????ta? ??t? d?at?p?µ???? ?a???e? ??a
  ???????? 2, ?e??ss?te?a ????????
• S??des? µe ?e?t?????e? e?tetaµ??? s?????t??? µe
  t? p??????µe?? ep?ped? (?p????????ste ???????? 2,
  ??a ???????? 2, ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste? ??
  G?)

43
???e???d?a p?? e?et?st??a?ep?ped? p??????µ????

• ??ßa??t????, ?. ??ßa??t???, F. 20002 (1994)
  ?p????????ste ???????? 3.
• ?a?a??p?????, ?. ?at??pa?a???t?d?, ?. 1997
  ???????? ??a ???????µ?????.
• ??da?t??? ???s?p??? S??G t?? ??T. 1983 ????t???
  ta ???????? µ??.

44
?p?ped? p??????µ???? t? d?d?s?eta? (1)

• ?p????? t?? ?????? ?a? t?? ?p????/ ???? t??
  ??µat?? st? ?a-s?µp????µat???
  (?p????????ste ???????? 3, ???????? ??a
  ???????µ?????, ????t??? ta ???????? µ??)

45
?p?ped? p??????µ???? t? d?d?s?eta? (2)

• S?µp????µat???? µe ?t?/ p?? ?a? p?? ?a? ??µata
  p?? s?µp???????? (?at??????p???s? ??µ?t?? a?????a
  µe t?? t?p? t?? s?µp????µat????) (?p????????ste
  ???????? 3, ???????? ??a ???????µ?????)
• t? ?a-s?µp????µat??? (???????? ??a
  ???????µ?????)
• t? ?t?-s?µp????µat??? (????t??? ta ???????? µ??)

46
?p?ped? p??????µ???? µe??d?????a (1)

• S?s?et?sµ?? e?te µe t? d?das?a??a t?? e??et????
  (?p????????ste ???????? 3, ???????? ??a
  ???????µ?????)
• ?a? t?? ?p?ta?t???? (????t??? ta ???????? µ??)
• e?te µe t? d?das?a??a t?? s??d?sµ??
  (?p????????ste ???????? 3, ??a ???????? ??a
  ???????µ?????)
• ??????s? ?t?/ ?,t? , p??/ p??, p??/ p??
  (?p????????ste ???????? 3)

47
?p?ped? p??????µ???? µe??d?????a (2)

• ?eta???ssa ?p???e? se ??a ta e??e???d?a.
  ???s?µ?p?????ta? ???? t?? pa?ad?s?a???
  ??aµµat????.
• e?d???te?? pe????af? t?? s?µp????µat???? ??
  s??ta?t??? fa???µe?? µe ß?s? t?? pa?ad?s?a??
  ???????a ???????? ??a ???????µ?????
• epe????s? t?? ???se?? ?a? pe?????sµ??? ???s?
  µeta???ssa? ?p????????ste ???????? 3
• pa???s?as? t?? fa???µ???? µ?s? ?e?µ???? ?a?
  as??se?? ????t??? ta ???????? µ??

48
S???t?s? S?µpe??sµata (1)

• ?? d?d?s?eta? / t? de? d?d?s?eta?
• Ge???? d?d?s?eta?
• a) ? ep????? t?? de??t? e?sa????? a?????a µe t?
  ?at?????µa e???t?s??
• ß) ? s??s? t?? ??µat?? e???t?s?? µe t? ??µat???
  t?p? t?? s?µp????µat???? p??tas??
• ?) ? d??at?t?ta s??d?asµ?? e??? ??µat?? µe
  pe??ss?te???? ap? ??a? de??te? (µe e?a??es?
  µe???? ??µata, p.?. ???)

49
S???t?s? S?µpe??sµata (2)

• Ge???? de d?d?s?eta?
• a) ? d?af???p???s? t?? s?µas?a? t?? ??µat??
  e???t?s?? ?a? t?? s?µp????µat???? p??tas?? st??
  pe??pt?se?? d??at?t?ta? s??d?asµ?? e??? ??µat??
  µe pe??ss?te???? ap? ??a? de??te?
• ß) ? d??at?t?ta pa???e???? t?? de??t?
• de? a?af??eta? se ?a???a ap? ta ep?peda t??
  a?a??t???? p?????µµat?? ?a? se ?a???a ap? ta
  e??e???d?a, a? ?a? ap?te?e? ßas??? ?a?a?t???st???
  t?? s?µp????µat???? t?? ??.

50
S???t?s? S?µpe??sµata (3a)

• - ??? s???e???µ??a, a?? ep?ped?
• ep?ped? a??a????
• - pa?a?e?peta? se p???? e??e???d?a (e?d???te?a se
  a?t? p?? ap?te???? µ???? µ?a? se????) ?
  d?das?a??a t?? s?µp????µat???? p??t?se?? µe t???
  de??te? e?sa????? ?t?, p?? ?a? p?? (p?? µe
  s?µp????µata ??µ?t?? p?? e?f?????? s??a?s??µa)
• ?a? ? s?s?et?sµ?? µe t?? p????? ????

51
S???t?s? S?µpe??sµata (3ß)

• ep?ped? µ?s??
• - de? d?d?s?eta? ??t? ? ???s? t?? s?µp????µat????
  st?? p????? ???? se a??et? e??e???d?a, ?a? sta
  pe??ss?te?a e??e???d?a pa?a?e?peta? ? d?das?a??a
  t?? ???s?? t?? p?? ?a? ? d?µ? ???st??? ?????
  s?µp????µat??? (t??a-s?µp????µat???). ?p?s??,
  de d?d?s???ta? p??ta ?? ??µat???? e?f??se?? p??
  d????ta? ?? s?µp????µ?
  t??? p??t?se??.

52
S???t?s? S?µpe??sµata (3?)

• ep?ped? p??????µ????
• - ?e?pe? ? a?af??? st?? s?µas?????????
  d?af???p???se?? a?????a µe t? de??t? e?sa?????
  (a?af??eta? µ??? ? ???s? ??µ?t?? a?t?????? ?p??
  t? ??µ?µa? µe ?a-s?µp????µa)
• ?a? ? a?af??? st? ??µat??? ???s?

53
S???t?s? S?µpe??sµata (4a)

• ?e??d?????a d?das?a??a?
• ???p?? pa???s?as?? ?a? µeta???ssa
• - s?????? ?? s?µp????µat???? p??t?se?? de
  d?d?s???ta? ?? µ???? t?? s??ta??? (pß.
  Sp???p????? ?sa??a??d?? 2005 ??a t? (µ?)
  d?das?a??a t?? s??ta???), a??? sta p?a?s?a
  d??f???? ??aµµat???? ?at??????? (t?? ??µat?? ?
  t?? s??d?sµ??)

54
S???t?s? S?µpe??sµata (4ß)

• - ?p?? ???eta? a?af??? st? s??ta??, ?
  d?das?a??a ßas??eta? st?? pa?ad?s?a?? p??s????s?
  t?? ??aµµat???? p?? ?atat?sse? t??
  s?µp????µat???? p??t?se?? se d?af??et????
  ?at?????e? (e?d????, ß????t???? ??p. p??t?se??)
• - ?? s?µp????µat???? p??t?se?? eµfa?????ta? se
  as??se?? ?a? ?e?µe?a (????? ?a s????????ta?) se
  e??e???d?a sta ?p??a de d?d?s???ta? µe ??t? t??p?

55
S???t?s? S?µpe??sµata (4?)

• - ? ???s? ??t?? ?a????? e??a? s????te?? st? µ?s?
  ?a? t? p??????µ??? ep?ped?
• ?? ???? p?? ???s?µ?p?????ta? e??a? pa?ad?s?a???
  st?? p?e????t?ta t?? e??e???d???
• - ? ???s? µeta???ssa? a????eta? sta ?????te?a
  ep?peda

56
S???t?s? S?µpe??sµata (5)

• ?e?t?????e?
• - ?? ?e?t?????e? t?? s?µp????µat???? d?d?s???ta?
  se µe???? µ??? ap? ta e??e???d?a, s????te?a se
  a?t? t?? µ?s?? ep?p?d??
• - se a??et? e??e???d?a ap?fe??eta? - ? de?
  e??s??eta? µe as??se?? eµp?d?s?? - ? s?s?et?sµ??
  µe ?e?t?????e? a? ?a? ap?te?e? apa?t?s? t??
  a?a??t???? p????aµµ?t??

57
???a??st? p???!
58
??ß?????af?a

• ??t???p?????, ?. 2001 ? ???s?µ?t?ta t??
  ???ss???? ep?p?d?? ?a? ?? d?s????e? st??
  p??sd????sµ? t???. St? ?. ?aµß???a? ?.
  ?at??d??? (e?d.), ??a?t??? ??e????? S?µp?s???
  ????s? ?a? d?das?a??a t?? ????????? ?? µ?t?????
  ?a? de?te??? ???ssa?. ???t? ?t?ap??, 47-58.
• ??ßa??t????, ?. ??ßa??t???, F. 2000
  ?p????????ste ???????? 3. ????a ???t??.
• ??ßa??t????, ?. ??ßa??t???, F. 2002
  ?p????????ste ???????? 1. ????a ???t??.
• ??ßa??t????, ?. ??ßa??t???, F. 2004
  ?p????????ste ???????? 2. ????a ???t??.
• ?a?saµ???, F. ?a??ß?, ?. 2004 ???ste.
  Tessa?????? ??st?t??t? ?e?e???????? Sp??d??
  (?d??µa ?a???? ???a?taf????d?).
• ?a?????sta, S. 1994a Greek Sentential
  Complementation. ??d. d?at??ß?, University of
  Maryland.
• Varlokosta, S. 1994ß The properties of
  pu-complements in Modern Greek. St? I.
  Philippaki-Warburton, K. Nikolaidis M. Sifianou
  (e?d.), Themes in Greek Linguistics. Amsterdam
  John Benjamins, 61-68.
• ?e???d??, G. F???pp???-Warburton, ?. 1984 ?
  ?p?ta?t??? sta ??a e???????. ?e??te? ??a t??
  ???????? G??ssa 4, 151-168.
• Bhatt, R. M. Hancin-Bhatt, B. 2002
  Structural Minimality, CP and the Initial State
  in second language acquisition. Second Language
  Research 18, 348-392.

59

• ????at??d??, S., ?eµ???-???d??µ?d??, ?.,
  ?????a?d??-??st??a, ?. ???f??a-??t???p?????, ?.
  2000 ???ete ???????? Tessa?????? University
  Studio Press.
• ?eµ???-???d??µ?d??, ?. ?aµa??a???-?as??e???,
  ?. 2002 ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste?,
  pa?????st???te?, p??sf??e? ?a? ??????. ?? ?p?ped?
  ?a? ?a?? ep?t???a. ????a ?eta??µ??.
• ?eµ???-???d??µ?d??, ?. ?aµa??a???-?as??e???,
  ?. 2002 ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste?,
  pa?????st???te?, p??sf??e? ?a? ??????. ?? ?p?ped?
  ?a? ?a?? ep?t???a. ????a ?eta??µ??.
• ?eµ???-???d??µ?d??, ?. ?aµa??a???-?as??e???,
  ?. 2004 ??a ???????? ??a µeta??ste?,
  pa?????st???te?, p??sf??e? ?a? ??????. G? ?p?ped?
  ?a? ?a?? ep?t???a. ????a ?eta??µ??.
• ??µ?t??, ?. ?apa?e?µ???, ?. 1992 ????????
  ???a 22. ????a ??st??.
• ??µ?t??, ?. ?apa?e?µ???, ?. 2002 ????????
  ???a 11. ????a ??st??.
• ??atµ?µat??? ?????aµµa ??das?a??a? t?? ??a?
  ????????? ?? ????? G??ssa? 1998 ??a??t???
  ?????aµµa ??a t? d?das?a??a t?? ??a? ????????? ??
  ????? ???ssa? se e???????? (?p?peda 1 ?a? 2
  ??sa?????? ?a? ?as???). ????a ?.?.?.?.
• ??da?t??? ???s?p??? t?? S???e??? ??a? ?????????
  G??ssa? t?? ?.?.T. 1982 ?e??ss?te?a ????????.
  Tessa?????? University Studio Press.
• ??da?t??? ???s?p??? t?? S???e??? ??a? ?????????
  G??ssa? t?? ?.?.T. 1983 ?????? ta ????????.
  Tessa?????? University Studio Press.
• ??da?t??? ???s?p??? t?? S???e??? ??a? ?????????
  G??ssa? t?? ?.?.T. 1983 ????t??? ta ????????
  µ??. Tessa?????? University Studio Press.

60

• ??da?t??? ???s?p??? t?? S???e??? ??a? ?????????
  G??ssa? t?? ?.?.T. 2002 ?a ??a ???????? ??a
  ??????. Tessa?????? ???st?t??e?? ?a?ep?st?µ??
  Tessa??????? ??st?t??t? ?e?e???????? Sp??d??
  (?d??µa ?a???? ???a?taf????d?).
• Drachman, G. 2003 ? apa???f? t??
  s?µp????µat???? de??t? (S?) ??a a?a?e???s?. St?
  ?. Te?fa??p?????-???t??, ?. ?as?a??t??, ?.
  S?f?a???, ?. Ge????af??t?? ?. Sp???p?????
  (e?d.), S??????e? t?se?? st?? e???????
  ???ss?????a. ????a ?at????, 217-235.
• Drachman, G. 2004 Approaches to null-Comp.
  ??a?t??? t?? 6?? ??e????? S??ed???? ?????????
  G??ss?????a?. ????µ?? ?a?ep?st?µ?? ???t?? (se
  ??e?t?????? µ??f?).
• ??sta???d??, S., ??t???p?????, ?., ?a??ß?, ?.
  ????at??d??, S. 2001 ??st?p???s? ?p???e?a? t??
  ??????µ??e?a?. ??a??t??? e?etast??? p????aµµa.
  Tessa?????? ??.?.?.T. ?.?.G.
• Te?fa??p?????-???t??, ?., ?ats?µa??, G., ???e?,
  ?., ????f???d??, ?. ?e???-?a???p?????, ?.
  (ep?µ??e?a) 1998 T?µata ?e?e???????? s??ta???.
  Te???a - ?s??se??. ????a ?.?.?.?.
• ?a??ß??, ?. ?p???a, S. 2004 ??a??t???
  ?????aµµa ??a t? d?das?a??a t?? ??a? ????????? ??
  ????? ???ssa? se e????????. ???????µ??? ep?ped?.
  ????a ?.?.?.?.
• Ingria, R. 1981 Sentential Complementation in
  Modern Greek. ??d. d?at??ß?, MIT.
• ?aß????p?????, F., ???ts?µ?t?p?????, ?.,
  ???????d?, ?. ?a????, ?. 1997 ??a ???????? ??a
  a????????. ????a ?ef???.

61

• ???t?? ????????? G??ssa? 2001 ??d??µes? ep?ped?
  ??a ta ??a ????????. Tessa?????? ??.?.?.T.
  ?.?.G.
• ???t??, ?., ?a??ß??, ?., ?p???a, S., ???e?, ?.
  ?e???-?a???p?????, ?. 2002 ??a??t??? ?????aµµa
  d?das?a??a? se e????????. ?p?ped? ?p???e?a?.
  ????a ?.?.?.?.
• Lakshmanan, U. Selinker, L. 1994 The status
  of CP and the tensed complementizer that in the
  developing L2 grammars of English. Second
  Language Research 10 (1), 25-48.
• ???e?, ?. 1994 ????? ?a? ap??e?? t?? ??µat??.
  ?a???s?a, pa???t?µa 30.
• ???e?, ?. 1997 The choice of aspect in
  na-complements. St? G. Drachman, A.
  Malikouti-Drachman, J. Fykias S. Klidi (e?d.),
  Greek Linguistics 95 Proceedings of the 2nd
  International Conference on Greek Linguistics,
  Salzburg, September 1995. Graz Neugebauer,
  567-576.
• ??s???, ?., ??????, ?. ?at???e?d???d??, G.
  2001 ?a??µata ?????????. ????d?? e?tat????
  d?das?a??a? t?? ????????? ?? de?te??? (?????)
  ???ssa?. Tessa?????? University Studio Press.
• ?paµp????t??, G. (se s??e??as?a µe t??? ?.
  ??a???st?p?????, ?. ???????d?, ?. ????ß? ?.
  ??ts?) 2003 ???????? ???ssa e??e???d??
  d?das?a??a? t?? ????????? ?? de?te??? (?????)
  ???ssa?. ????a ?d??µa ?e?et?? ?aµp????.
• Müller, N. 2006 Emerging complementizers
  German in contact with French/Italian. St? C.
  Lefebvre, L. White C. Jourdan (e?d.), L2
  Acquisition and Creole Genesis. Amsterdam John
  Benjamins, 145-165.

62

• Noonan, M. 1985 Complementation. St? T.
  Shopen (e?d.), Language Typology and Syntactic
  Description. Cambridge Cambridge University
  Press, 42-140.
• ?a?a??p?????, ?. ?at??pa?a???t?d?, ?. 1997 ?a
  ??a ???????? ??a p??????µ????? (?µ??e?e?? ?a?
  a????e?e??). Tessa?????? ???st?t??e??
  ?a?ep?st?µ?? Tessa??????? ??st?t??t?
  ?e?e???????? Sp??d?? (?d??µa ?a????
  ???a?taf????d?).
• Platzack, C. 1999 The vulnerable C-domain.
  Brain and Language 77, 364-377.
• Rizzi, L. 1997 The fine structure of the left
  periphery. St? L. Haegeman (e?d.), Elements of
  Grammar. Dordrecht Kluwer, 281-337.
• ???ss??, ?. 1994 The Syntax of Complementisers.
  ??d. d?at??ß?, University College London.
• ???ss??, ?. 2000 On the left periphery modal
  particles and complementizers. Journal of Greek
  Linguistics 1, 65-94.
• ???ss??, ?. 2002 C, T, and the subject That-t
  phenomena revisited. Lingua 112, 13-52.
• ???ss??, ?. 2006 S?µp????µat???? de??te?.
  ????a ?at????.
• Sp???p?????, ?. ?sa??a??d??, ?. 2005 ?
  G?aµµat??? st? d?das?a??a. S?????s? e??e???d???
  ??a t? d?das?a??a t?? ????????? ?? ????? ???ssa?.
  ????a ?at????.
• Terzi, A. 1992 PRO in Finite Clauses A Study
  of the Inflectional Heads of the Balkan
  Languages. ??d. d?at??ß?, City University of New
  York.
• ????pa, S. ?at??pa?a???t?d?, ?. 1992 ??a
  ???????? 1. ????a ?apa??s??.

63

• ????pa, S. ?at??pa?a???t?d?, ?. 1993 ??a
  ???????? 2. ????a ?apa??s??.
• ?sa??a??d??, ?. 2000 ?? ?a pe? ?p?ta?t???
  ?? ?at?????e? t?? ??µat?? sta ?e???? ?a? t??
  ??aµµat???? t?? ??a? e????????. ?e??te? ??a t??
  ???????? G??ssa 20, 543-554.
• ?sa??a??d??, ?. 2001 G?a t?? s??ta?t????
  e????se?? t?? ??a? ?????????. ??a?t??? t?? 4??
  ??e????? S??ed???? ????????? G??ss?????a?,
  ?e???s?a, Sept?µß???? 1999. Tessa??????
  University Studio Press, 300-307.
• ?sa??a??d??, ?. 2002 G?a t??? ??????? t??
  ?e?e???????? ??µat??. ?e??te? ??a t?? ????????
  G??ssa 22, 647-658.
• Tsimpli, I. M. 1990 Clause structure and word
  order in Modern Greek. UCL Working Papers in
  Linguistics 2, 523-534.
• F???pp???-Warburton, ?. 1992 ? s??ta?t???
  ta?t?t?ta t?? ?a. ?e??te? ??a t?? ????????
  G??ssa 13 255-274.
• F???pp???-Warburton, ?. ?e???d??, G. 1985 ?
  ?p?ta?t??? st?? s?µp????µat???? p??t?se??.
  ?e??te? ??a t?? ???????? G??ssa 5, 149-167.
• ?a?a?aµp?p?????, ?. ?a?a?aµp?p?????, ?. 1996
  ?a ???????? ?? de?te?? (????) ???ssa.
  ?p????????a?? p??s????s?. 1. ?p?ped? a??a????.
  Tessa?????? ?a?at???t??.
• ???st?d??, ?.-F. 1982 ?t?/ p?? p?? ep?????
  de??t?? s?µp????µ?t?? sta ??a e???????. ?e??te?
  ??a t?? ???????? G??ssa 2, 113-177.
• ???st?d??, ?.-F. 1984 ?a?at???se?? st? s??ta??
  t?? a?s??se?? s?µa?t???? sta ??a e???????.
  ?e??te? ??a t?? ???????? G??ssa 4, 115-125.
• ???st?d??, ?.-F. 1985 ???s?ete? pa?at???se??
  st?? s?µp????µat???? p??t?se?? t?? ??a?
  e????????. ?e??te? ??a t?? ???????? G??ssa 3,
  47-72.