Grammar Review

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Grammar Review

• English 2 Honors
• Miss Hill

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Table of Contents

• Parts of Speech
• Parts of a Sentence
• The Phrase
• The Clause
• Suggestions for Review

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Identify the parts of speech

• lovely
• theirs
• humanity
• frantically
• near
• but
• wow

• adjective
• pronoun
• noun
• adverb
• preposition
• conjunction
• interjection

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Identify the parts of the sentence

• Its time you started bein a girl and acted
  right! - Chapter 12, To Kill a Mockingbird

Subject
Complete (Compound) Predicate
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Identify the parts of the sentence

• Its time you started bein a girl and acted
  right! - Chapter 12, To Kill a Mockingbird

Subject
Complete (Compound) Predicate
Direct Objects
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Classification of Sentences

• Declarative - makes a statement
• Interrogative - asks a question
• Imperative - gives a command, makes request
• Exclamatory - expresses strong feeling

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Identify the parts of the sentence

• Its time you started bein a girl and acted
  right! - Chapter 12, To Kill a Mockingbird

Subject
Complete (Compound) Predicate
Direct Objects
Exclamatory Sentence
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The Phrase Types - Prepositional

• Prepositional - group of words beginning with a
  preposition and ending with a noun
• Adjective - prepositional phrase that modifies a
  noun or pronoun
• Adverb - prepositional phrase that modifies a
  verb, an adjective, or another adverb

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Identify the parts of the sentence

• Its time you started bein a girl and acted
  right! - Chapter 12, To Kill a Mockingbird

Prepositional Phrase
Subject
Complete (Compound) Predicate
Direct Objects
Exclamatory Sentence
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The Phrase Types - Verbal

• Verbal - phrase consisting of a verbal (act like
  verbs, but not the predicate of a sentence) and
  its complements or modifiers
• Participle - verb form used as adjective
• present participle - end in -ing - waving
• past participle - end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, -n -
  talked
• Participial phrase - phrase that contains a
  participle and any complements or modifiers

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The Phrase Types - Participial

• Nodding his head, the defendant acknowledged his
  guilt.

Participle
Direct Object
Participial Phrase
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The Phrase Types - Gerund

• Gerund - consists of a gerund (word ending in
  -ing that is formed from a verb and used as a
  noun) and any modifiers or complements it may
  have
• can be the subject
• can take the place of any noun
• Ex - Reading good books is using time well.
  (gerund phrases as subject and predicate
  nominative)

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The Phrase Types - Infinitive

• Infinitive - verb form, usually preceded by to,
  that can be used as a noun or a modifier.
• To err is human, to forgive is divine.
• Infinitive Phrase - consists of an infinitive and
  any complements or modifiers it may have
• Unlike other verbals, an infinitive may have a
  subject as well as complements and modifiers

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Verbal Phrases

• Participial Phrases
• Gerund Phrases
• Infinitive Phrases

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The Phrase Types - Appositive

• Appositive - noun or pronoun that follows another
  noun or pronoun to identify or explain it
• Appositive phrase - made up of an appositive and
  its modifiers
• Scout, the daughter of Atticus, was an observant
  child.

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The Phrase Types

• Prepositional
• Verbal
• Participial
• Gerund
• Infinitive
• Appositive

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Practice with Phrase Types

• The woman with the cat is my sister.
• Grading papers is what I like to do on Sundays.
• Satisfied with their revisions, the teacher gave
  them all As.

• Prepositional phrase used as an adjective
• Gerund phrase
• Past participial phrase

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The Clause Types

• Independent Clauses
• Subordinate Clauses
• Adjective Clauses
• Noun Clauses
• Adverbial Clauses

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Definition

• A clause is a group of words containing a subject
  and a predicate that is used as part of a
  sentence
• Independent clause - can stand on its own as a
  simple sentence
• Subordinate clause - can NOT stand alone

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Adjective Clauses

• Adjective clauses - subordinate clauses that
  modify a noun or pronoun
• Often begin with relative pronouns
• relative pronouns - pronoun that begins a
  subordinate clause and is related to another word
  or idea
• The president decorated the astronaut who had
  orbited the earth.

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Noun Clauses

• Noun Clauses - subordinate clauses used as a noun
• That he was angry was evident.

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Adverbial Clauses

• Adverbial Clauses - subordinate clauses that
  modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
• They sat down wherever they could find seats.
• Subordinating conjunction - conjunction that
  begins an adverbial clause - joins the clause to
  the rest of the sentence
• Ex. - after, although, since, so that

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Sentence Structures

• Simple Sentence - 1 independent clause
• Compound Sentence - 2 or more independent
  clauses, but no subordinate clauses
• Complex Sentence - 1 independent clause and at
  least 1 subordinate clause
• Compound-Complex Sentence - 2 or more independent
  clauses and at least 1 subordinate clause

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Suggestions for Test Review

• Review your notes
• Practice writing and identifying the various
  types of sentences, clauses, phrases, etc.
• Go to grammar link on www.blackboard.com under
  external links and practice with sites
  quizzes.
• Practice with the Grammar Mastery Review on pp.
  91-94 by Wednesday.

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Ta Da!!!
If you do all of that, you should get an A!