When Breasts are bad for Business Obesity papers

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When Breasts are bad for Business Obesity papers

• SUHRS
• April 2006

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Breastfeeding and obesity

• Although, more work needs to be done,
  epidemiological evidence - 17 of the 21 studies -
  strongly suggest that breastfeeding represents an
  ideal window of opportunity for obesity
  prevention.
• Once a child becomes obese, it is quite likely
  that s/he will remain obese as an adult.
• Breastmilk could influence the development of a
  taste receptors profile which fosters a
  preference for lower energy diets later on in
  life.

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• Artificially fed infants consume 30,000 more
  calories than breastfed infants by 8 months of
  age.
• (Riordan and Aerbach Breastfeeding Human
  Lactation Jones and Bartlett 1999)
• This is equivalent to 120 Mars bars - 4 a week!

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Breastfeeding and Obesitythe scientific evidence

• Overweight and obesity in 6- to 14- year old
  Czech children in 1991. Protective effect of
  breastfeeding
• Toschke AM et al, J Pediatics 2002141764-9
• CONCLUSION Longer duration of breastfeeding was
  associated with a significantly lower prevalence
  of overweight. Possible explanations the fact
  that intake varies at each feed during
  breastfeeding, a lower energy density of human
  milk compared with formula milk, better
  self-control of food consumption in breastfed
  children

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Breastfeeding and ObesityScientific evidence

• Inverse association of overweight and breast
  feeding in 9 to 10 years old children in Germany
• Liese AD et al, Int J of Obesity
  2001,251644-1650
• Conclusion The results highlight the importance
  and possible preventive potential of early
  nutrition in the development of overweight in
  children. Both feeding behaviours acquired by the
  nursing infant and metabolic effects may
  contribute to the observed inverse association of
  breast feeding and overweight in children

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Breastfeeding and ObesityScientific evidence

• Trends and predictors of overweight and obesity
  in East German childen
• Frye C and Heinrich J, Int J of Obesity 2003,
  27162-172
• Conclusion Breastfeeding found to be protective
  with regard to obesity. This effect was stronger
  if the children were exclusively breast-fed.

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Breastfeeding and ObesityScientific evidence
Breast-feeding and childhood obesity - a
systematic reviewS Arenz, R Rückerl, B Koletzko
and R von Kries, International Journal of Obesity
advance online publication, 17.8.2004
CONCLUSION Breast-feeding seems to have a
small but consistent protective effect against
obesity in children.
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Breastfeeding and ObesityScientific evidence

• Does breastfeeding protect against pediatric
  overweight? Analysis of longitudinal data from
  the CDC and prevention Pediatric nutrtion
  surveillance system
• Grummer-Strawn et al, Pediatrics 200411381-86
• CONCLUSION This study reinforces the rationale
  for recommendations to breastfeed for at least a
  year

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Breastfeeding and ObesityScientific evidence

• Breastfeeding and Overweight Longitudinal
  Analysis in an Australian Birth Cohort.
• Burke V et al (2005). J Ped 147 56-61.
• CONCLUSION This study among 2087 Australian
  children concluded that babies breastfed for at
  least a year are leaner than those weaned
  earlier. The duration of breastfeeding was
  inversely associated with the risk of overweight.
  Babies never breastfed were the most likely
  overweight.

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Breastfeeding and ObesityScientific evidence

• Surveys of Norwegian youth indicated that
  breastfeeding reduced subsequent risk of obesity.
  
• Kvaavik e et al (2005), J Clin Epidem Vol 58, Iss
  8, p 849.e1 849.e8
• Breastfeeding during infancy appears to protect
  against adolescent overweight and obesity.

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Breastfeeding and ObesityScientific evidence

• Duration of Breastfeeding and Risk of Overweight
  A Meta-Analysis.
• Harder T et al (2005). Am. J. Epidemiol
• CONCLUSION A meta-analysis of the existing
  studies on duration of breastfeeding and risk of
  overweight strongly supports a dose-dependent
  association between longer duration of
  breastfeeding and decrease in risk of overweight.

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Breastfeeding and ObesityScientific evidence

• The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS)
  rationale, Planning and Implementation
• Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Volume 25, Number 1,
  March 2005
• CONCLUSION The seven-year study of 8,500
  children by the WHO in 6 countries (Brazil,
  Ghana, India, Norway, Oman and the USA) shows
  that babies exclusively breastfed for six months
  are healthier and leaner than artificially fed
  babies..2

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Breastfeeding and ObesityScientific evidence

• Early determinants of childhood overweight and
  adiposity in a birth cohort study Role of
  breastfeeding
• Bergmann KE et al, Int J of Obesity
  2003,27162-172
• Conclusion Early bottle-feeding brings forward
  the obesity rebound, predictive of obesity in
  later life

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Breastfeeding and ObesityPolicy recommendations
Dietary Recommendations for Children and
Adolescents, A Guide for Practitioners Consensus
Statement From the American Heart Association
Endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics
TABLE 5. Parent, Guardian, and Caregiver
Responsibilities for Childrens NutritionChoose
breast-feeding for first nutrition try to
maintain for 12 months
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Breastfeeding and ObesityPolicy recommendations

• The American Academy of Pediatrics in its Policy
  Statement on Prevention of pediatric overweight
  and obesity have issued the recommendation to
• d. encourage, support and protect breastfeeding
• Pediatrics Vol 112 p 424 -28 No 2 August 2003

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Breastfeeding and ObesityPolicy recommendations

• The USA Centre for Disease Control and
  Prevention (CDC) considers that there are only
  two potential, cost-effective interventions that
  can be put into place immediately to deal with
  the childhood obesity epidemic decreased
  television viewing and breastfeeding
  promotion.(1)
• 1 Dietz WH. Breastfeeding may help prevent
  childhood overweight. JAMA. 2001 2852506-