Windows NT

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Windows NT UNIX
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UNIX Benefits
Equated with Open System Standards The
concept of computer industry standards owes
much to UNIX. In fact, the term open system is
often equated with UNIX, a reputation that is
only partially deserved.
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Scalable, Portable, and Flexible A major
advanced UNIX has demonstrated science its
earliest days is the ability to run on machines
from the Largest mainframe to modern laptops.
Networks that connect these divergent machine
types can be configured In peer-to peer or
hierarchical relationships.
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Built-in Programming Environment UNIX
support both compiler-based and scripting
language. For example the development of UNIX
ran parallel to the evolution of the higher
level C programming language. The C language
produces software programs that require A
compiler to create an executable. UNIX also
supports Scripting language that do not
require a compiler. A script Based program
differs from a compiled executable in several
important ways.
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Equal Functionality across Platforms It is odd
to think of an operating system as a vehicle for
Democratic standards. However, for computer
hardware, UNIX is the great equalizer. When
running UNIX, the computing functionality is
the same for a mainframe As it is for a lowly
laptop.
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Wide range of user interfaces In general,
three types of UNIX interfaces are most
commonly used today. 1 CHARACTER TERMINAL
These used for data entry, retail business 2
X-WINDOWS 3WORKSTATION/PC This involves the
use of yet another layer of code that either
emulates the Microsoft Windows environment or
provides a means of reverse displayinf Windows
applications from a Windows NT host onto a UNIX
X11- Based display.
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Networking Integration While developed
independently, most professionals Equate the
TCP/IP suit as the heart of UNIX networking The
way TCP/IP seamlessly integrates with
multitasking Functions of UNIX makes the
technologies a natural complement.
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64-bit Architecture While Microsoft is still
limited to a 32-bit Architecture A small segment
of the UNIX community is ahead with
commercially available 64-bit systems. The
increase In flat virtual memory addressability
of 64-bit architecture from 4GB to 16,000,000GB
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Vendor Independent A great number of
organizations and individuals contributed To
creating the UNIX operating system that we use
today. e.g HP-UX, IBM has AIX, Sun has Solaris.
This diversified approach to development created
an Operating system is powerful and that can
run over a wide range of hardware. It is truly
a vendor independent system.
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Multiuser, Distributed Applications UNIX
support both traditional multiuser and
distributed applications. In a multiuser
environment the application resides on the
server and is accessed through a serial
terminal. All information resides on the
server.Through the use of the X-Windows
client/server architecture, UNIX support the
distribution of graphical applications. Which
mean that GUI based software and the files they
generate can be shared from UNIX X-terminals or
workstation.
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UNIX Weaknesses
Perceived by new users as difficult to
use UNIX requires skillful administrator Appli
cation Binary incompatibility across UNIX
variants Perception of higher hardware costs
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Windows NT Benefits
Familiar and proven user interface Millions
of users instantly feel comfortable with the
new Windows 95 user interface shell available
with the Windows NT 4.0 server and workstation.
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Support for commodity-based hardware The
prevailing use of Windows NT 4.0 is on
Intel-compatible PCs. With reasonably powerful
Window NT workstations coming to market at less
cost than a compatible, diskless X-terminal,
many corporate buyers are looking favorably at
the implicit cost advantage. So many existing
desktop computers have installed Windows 3.1
or Windows 95, these are natural clients to
the Windows NT server.
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Software portability Microsoft claims that
porting applications from one platform to
another requires no code changes. Because only
two hardware architectures are now supported.
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Easy to install and to configure If you
believe Microsofts literature, the Windows NT
workstation and server installation process
requires minimal system administration
intervention. Configuration is just as simple.
The individual user and system administrator are
go through a menu and dialog-based process.
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Excellent Device Support Installation and
configuration of devices is very
straightforward when utilizing the Windows NT
Wizard-based assistance scheme. The system
automatically detects installed devices and help
the user make appropriate decisions. For the
system administrator, network device support
is also provided.
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Widely Used Application Development API The
Windows NT operating system offers support for
familiar APIs that aid countless Windows
programming in developing compatible
applications. Among the standards that are
supported for Win32 applications are Dynamic
Data Exchange, Object Linking and Embedding
(OLE2.0), and Windows socket technology.
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Peer-to-peer and Client/Server Support The
hallmark of Windows for Workgroups was its
support for small LAN with peer-to-peer topology.
Windows NT incorporates this technology and
adds the hierarchical client/server
architecture for enterprise-size organizations.
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Integrated Management Tools and Applications
Microsoft put a lot of forethought into providing
a suite of integrate management tools and
services. For example, system performance
monitoring is supported by both graphical-and
character-based application.
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Windows NT weaknesses Limited Support for
Traditional Multiuser System Windows NT is not
a true multiuser system in the tradition of
UNIX Scalability More perceived limitation
than reality Blue screen of death system
failure Limited to 32-bit Architecture This
restricts virtual memory access to 4GB.
Considering the previous generation of
Microsoft operating had a 16-MB Limit, an
increase to 4 GB would seem impressive.
However, Windows NT divides memory access into
two 2-GB address sets-one for the system and
one for the applications.
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Proprietary Yet Open Interface Windows NT is
largely a closed and proprietary operating
system controlled by a single vendor. So the
code is managed is strictly their decision,
computer hackers would prefer a world where
all source code was free Available. REFS
windows NT UNIX G.Robert Williams Ellen Beck
Gardner