Monica Monachini

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KYOTO (ICT-211423)Yielding Ontologies for
Transition-Based Organization Intelligent
Content and Semantics WordNet LMFMonica
Monachini CNR-ILC
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Outline

• Background reasons of a KYOTO format for lexical
  resources
• WordNet-LMF
• The KYOTO Lexical Grid

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KYOTO the lexical resource perspective

• KYOTO objectives
• facilitating the exchange of information
  across languages, domains and cultures
• allow definition of word meaning in a shared
  Wiki platform
• from the point of view of linguistic resources
• needs to share lexical and knowledge bases, both
  general and domain-related, under the form of
  lexical repositories and ontologies

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WordNets
?

• Seven WordNets
• They are similar but not identical
• that means hampered interoperability
• They have to be accessed both intra- and
  inter-linguistically
• that means need to support easier integration

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A common representation format

• Endow WordNet with a representation format to
  allow easy access, integration and
  interoperability among resources

WnJP
Wn IT
WnNL
WnEN
WnES
WnCH
WnEU
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LMF

• Specifically designed to accommodate as many
  models of lexical representation as possible
• Its strength
• Meta-model a high-level specification ISO24613
• Data Category Registry low-level specifications
  ISO12620

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Main Features

• Not a monolithic model rather a modular framework
• LMF library provides the hierarchy of lexical
  objects (with structural relations among them)
• Data Category Registry library provides
  descriptors to encode linguistic information
  associated to lexical objects (N.B. Data
  Categories can be also user-defined)

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Components required to describe additional
classes and relations
Structural skeleton to represent the basic
hierarchy of a lexicon
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DCR
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Harmonized WordNet DCs
A list of 85 sem.rels as a result of a mapping
of the KYOTOWordNet grid
Intra-WN
Inter-WN
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Principles of WordNet-LMF

• Balance between
• Maintain adherence to architectural principles of
  LMF
• Main conceptual building blocks and structural
  relationships between them maintained
• The expression of the linguistic info (synset
  relations) falls in the realm of DCs
• Adapt standard LMF to suit efficiency needs
• Promote feat-att structures to element attributes
• Use of bracketing elements

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An XML example

• ltSynsetRelation targets"ENG-16-06056130-n"gt
• ltfeat att"relType" val"has_hyperonym/gt
• ltfeat att"cs" val"99/gt
• ltfeat att"status" val"yes/gt
• ltfeat att"source" val"whatsoever/gt
• ltfeat att"author" val"german/gt
• ltfeat att"date" val"2008-05-12"/gt
• lt/SynsetRelationgt

• ltSynsetRelation targets"EU-16-06056130-n"
  relType"has_hyperonym" gt
• ltMeta cs"99"
• status"yes" source"whatsoever"
  author"german"
• date"2008-05-12"gt
• lt/SynsetRelationgt

Pure LMF
Kyoto-WordNet LMF
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A complete XML synset

• ltSynset id"eng-30-06645039-n" baseConcept"1"gt
• ltDefinition gloss"mark of a foot or shoe on a
  surface"gt
• ltStatement example"the police made casts of the
  footprints in the soft earth outside the window"
  /gt
• lt/Definitiongt
• ltSynsetRelationsgt
• ltSynsetRelation target"eng-30-06798750-n"
  relType"has_hyperonym" gt
• ltMeta author"AH" date"2008-07-01"
  source"Wordnet3.0" status"yes"
  confidenceScore"1.0" /gt
• lt/SynsetRelationgt
• ltSynsetRelation target"eng-30-06645266-n"
  relType"has_hyponym" gt
• ltMeta author"AH2" date"2008-07-01"
  source"eng-Wordnet3.0" status"yes"
  confidenceScore"1.0" /gt
• lt/SynsetRelationgt
• lt/SynsetRelationsgt
• ltMonolingualExternalRefsgt
• ltMonolingualExternalRef externalSystem"Wordnet1.6
  " externalReference"eng-16-01234567-n" /gt
• ltMonolingualExternalRef externalSystem"SUMO"
  externalReference"superficialPart"
  relType"at"/gt
• lt/MonolingualExternalRefsgt
• lt/Synsetgt

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The multilingual extension
groups together monolingual synsets that
correspond each other and share the same
relations to English
specifies the type of correspondence
link to ontology/(ies)
ltSenseAxis id"sa_ita16-spa30-zho30-eng30_001"
relType"eq_synonym"gt ltTarget ID"ita-16-1251-n"/gt
ltTarget ID"spa-30-09686541-n"/gt ltTarget
ID"zho-30-05231501-n"/gt ltTarget
ID"eng-30-13480848-n"/gt lt/SenseAxisgt
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Kyoto Knowledge Base
Domain
WnJP
Domain
Domain
WnIT
WnNL
Domain Ontology
Ontology
Domain
Domain
Ontology
WnES
WnEN
Domain
Domain
WnEU
WnCH
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• Thank you!

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General Scheme
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Kyoto Knowledge Base
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Components required to describe additional
classes and relations
Structural skeleton to represent the basic
hierarchy of a lexicon