Acids, Bases, and Salts

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Acids, Bases, and Salts

• Chapter 23

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Acids and Bases Section 1

• What do you think of when you hear acid?
• Acids have at least ____ hydrogen atom that can
  be removed
• Acid produces ______ in a water solution.
• H reacts w/ H2O to form H3O ?
  ____________________ ion

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Properties of Acids

• Taste _______________
• ____________ on skin
• Corrosive irreparable _____________
• React strongly w/ certain metals and produce H2
  ___________
• React w/ indicators to produce different
  _____________
• _________________ organic compound that changes
  color in an acid or base.

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Common Acids
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Bases

• Ex ____________ powder, Mallox and antacids are
  bases
• ______________ clean greasy, fatty substances
  (bases)
• Base produce hydroxide ion,________, in H2O
  solution. Also, accepts H ion.

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Properties of Bases

• _____________ of acids
• Many are crystalline ____________
• Most are _____________ compounds
• Feel ___________ and have bitter taste
• Corrosive and cause severe _________
• React w/ ________________ to produce different
  colors

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Common Bases
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Strengths of Acids and Bases

• Section 2

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Strong and Weak Acids

• Strength depend on how many _______________
  dissociate into ions
• Strong Acid nearly _________ molecules
  dissociate into ions
• Ex HCl, __________ , H2SO4

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Strong and Weak Acids

• Weak Acids only _________ amount dissolves in
  water
• ________ do the damage more ions more
  _____________!!
• Ex Acetic Acid and _____________ Acid

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Strong and Weak Acids
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Strong vs. Weak

• Strong ?
• All _________________
• Weak ?
• Some __________________ and Some Products

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Strong and Weak Bases

• Most ___________ are ionic compounds
• Strong Base dissociate _____________ to its
  ions. Ex sodium hydroxide, NaOH
• Weak Base does __________ dissociate completely.
  Ex ammonia, NH3

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Dilute and Concentration

• Dilute more ____________ than acid
• Concentrated more ___________ than water
• Can have concentrated ________ acid and
  _____________ strong acid

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Measuring Strength

• pH measure of concentration of _____
• More H the _____________ the pH
• Scale from 0 14
• 7 __________, concentration of OH-
  concentration of ________
• Below 7 _____________, more H
• Above 7 _____________, more OH-

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pH Scale
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Buffers

• Def solutions containing __________ that react
  with additional acids or bases to
  _________________ effects on pH

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Salts

• Section 3

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Neutralization

• Def rxn between an ____________ and a
  ______________ that takes place in a water
  solution.
• 2 rxns occur HCl(aq) NaOH(aq)
• H3O(aq) OH-(aq) ? H2O(l) ________
• Na(aq) Cl-(aq) ? NaCl(aq) ________

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Salt Formation

• _____________ compound formed when (-) ion from
  combines with __________ ion from base
• Ex NaCl

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Acid Base Rxns

• acid _______ ? salt ________
• 2HCl(aq) Ca(OH)2(aq) ? CaCl2(aq) 2H2O(l)

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Soaps and Detergents

• ___________(water) and Nonpolar(grease fat)
  substances
• Like dissolves Like
• Polar dissolves Polar, etc.
• Soaps have both Polar and _________ ends
• Mix with water and grease
• Hydrocarbon Chain is 12 - _____ carbons

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Soap Scum

• Salts form that are ______________ in water
• _________________ do NOT make insoluble salts
• can be used in cold water