The World War II Era

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Chapter 24

• The World War II Era

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• First they came for the Communists,
• and I didnt speak up,
• because I wasnt a Communist.
• Then they locked up the social democrats,I
  remained silentI was not a social democrat.
• Then they came for the Jews,
• and I didnt speak up,
• because I wasnt a Jew.
• Then they came for me,
• and by that time there was no one left to speak
  up for me.
• by Rev. Martin Niemoller, 1945

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Ch. 24, Sec. 1Events Leading to the Outbreak

• Event
• Economic problems and social unrest after World
  War I.

How it contributed
Encouraged the rise of dictators who took
control of their countries.
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Soviet Communism

• 1929 Josef Stalin was dictator of Soviet Union.
  He turned it into a totalitarian state a nation
  in which a single party controls the government
  and every aspect of peoples lives.
• Goal was to control and modernize industry and
  agriculture government owned the land
• If you resisted, you could be killed or sent to
  labor camps.

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Fascism takes hold in Italy and Germany. Benito Mussolini was appointed Italys prime minister. He turned Italy into a Fascist state, which is a political system based on militarism, extreme nationalism, and blind loyalty to the state and its leader.
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Mussolini

• Ended freedom of press and banned all political
  parties except his own.
• Critics were jailed or murdered.
• Mussolini is always right

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Germany and Hitler

• Germany was angry because they had to pay
  reparations for losing WW1.
• Used German resentment of WWI treaty-Versailles
  Treaty
• Message of racial and religious hatred-Germans
  Aryan master race
• Depression increased Hitlers popularity
• Germans looked to Hitler to solve their problems

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Adolf Hitler becomes the leader of Germany. Became chancellor in 1933 Formed political party-National Socialist German Workers Party-Nazis He created a totalitarian state -could not criticize the government. Needed a scapegoat - Blamed Jews for troubles Anti-Semitism -passed anti-Semitic laws against the Jews. -deprived of citizenship, jobs -Jews were banned from schools and professions, some were attacked. In 1938, the German troops started to round them up.
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Hitler Nazi Germany

• Sent to concentration camps
• FINAL SOLUTION-kill all of the Jews in Europe
• Built up armed forces-violation of Versailles
  Treaty
• Hitler believed that the rest of Europe would
  never act

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Japan
Japanese military takes over government. Japan invades China and Manchuria. League of Nations protests, but takes no action. Japan treat China brutally civilians and prisoners massacred. Japan becomes an aggressive force in the Pacific Region.
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Events contributing to WWII
Italy invades Ethiopia. -weapons outdated no match for Italy. The emperor, Haile Selassie appealed to the League of Nations for aid members had their own problems Ethiopia fell to Italy.
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Events contributing to WWII
Hitler vowed to unite all German speaking people. Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles without punishment and rebuilt Germanys armed forces. Sent troops into the Rhineland, then he occupied Austria no one protested. Invaded Czechoslovakia Britain and France protested met with Hitler
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Events contributing to WWII
Leaders wanted to appease Hitler. Appeasement A policy of giving in to aggression in order to avoid war. Munich Pact Britain and France agreed to let Hitler occupy Sudetenland/part of Czech. in return Hitler would seek no more territory. A few months later he took all of Czechoslovakia.
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Events contributing to WWII
United States went back to a policy of isolationism. U.S. Congress passes the Neutrality Act. Forbade the United States from selling arms, giving loans, or giving any kind of assistance to any nation involved in war.
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Good Neighbor Policy

• United States worked to improve relations with
  Latin America
• Hoover rejected Roosevelt Corollary
• Declared U.S. no longer had the right to
  intervene in Latin American nations
• Good Neighbor Policy-withdraw American troops
  from Nicaragua and Haiti
• Withdrew Platt Amendment regarding Cuba

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Events contributing to WWII
Poland was Hitlers next target. Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact. They pledged not to attack one anothers country and secretly agreed to divide up Poland when Germany attacked.
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Events contributing to WWII
On Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. blitzkrieg lightning war. Poland was not equipped to defend itself. Soviet Union attacked from the east- they also attacked Finland annexed Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia. Britain and France pledge support to Poland. When Germany attacked Poland on they declared war on Germany.
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Aggression Leads to War

• Hitlers armies seemed unstoppable.
• Seized Denmark and Norway.
• April 1940 conquered Netherlands, Luxembourg,
  and Belgium moved into France.
• By June 1940, Britain stood alone against the
  Nazis. Britain sent troops to help France

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Battle of Britain

• France was overpowered British was forced back
  to Dunkirk. British sent every boat available
  across English Channel to rescue troops. France
  surrendered.
• Britain stood alone. Germany pounded British
  shores and cities.
• Prime Minister Winston Churchill we will never
  surrender.
• Battle of Britain - British fighter planes used
  radar and gunned down German planes. Germany gave
  up invasion of Britain-1940
• In June 1941, Hitler invaded the Soviet Union.

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Chapter 24, Section 2

• The United States at War

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Moving Toward War

• President Roosevelt was reelected for a third
  term in 1940. He sympathized with the Allies in
  Europe.
• The Lend-Lease Act supported the British by
  allowing them to obtain American war goods. U.S.
  could sell arms, but Allies must pay cash and
  carry away on their own ships.
• Extended to China and Soviet Union

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The Draft

• Meanwhile the United States passed the first
  peacetime draft to build up its armed forces.
• Roosevelt also organized the first African
  American Unit with black officers.
• The Tuskegee Airmen

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Moving Toward War

• Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston
  Churchill showed their alliance by meeting and
  issuing the Atlantic Charter.
• Goals
• 1. no more territorial gain from war
• 2. support the right of all people to choose
  
• their own form of government
• 3. new international organization that
  provided a permanent system of general
• security -replace failed League of
  Nations

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The United States Enters the War

• Japan has fuel shortage so they make plans to
  attack U.S.
• On December 7, 1941, the Japanese military waged
  a surprise attack on the U.S. naval forces at
  Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
• About 2,400 men were killed,
• destroyed 400 aircraft, and
• damaged 8 battleships.

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Moving Toward War

• As a result, the United States declared war.
• A day that will live in infamy.
• In turn, Germany and Italy declared war on the
  United States.
• AXIS Powers
• Japan Germany Italy
• six other nations
• ALLIED
• Britain France (later Soviet
  Union) China United States-1941
  45 other nations
• WWII was total war a conflict involving not just
  armies, but entire nations.

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Europe and North Africa

• 1941 Dec. - Outlook looked bleak for Allies
• Hitlers armies occupied most of Europe and much
  of North Africa.
• Closing in on Moscow (1941), Leningrad, and
  Stalingrad (1942) in the Soviet Union Hitler
  thought collapse would be quick
• Soviet troops aided by Russian winter provided
  key victories that stopped the German push
  Soviets drove Germans back.

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North Africa

• Erwin Rommel Germanys most respected leader
  had quick victories.
• 1942 - In North Africa, the British began pushing
  back the German tank corps after the victory at
  El Alamein in Egypt.
• The United States entered its first ground combat
  troops and occupied Morocco and Algeria under the
  command of
• General Dwight D. Eisenhower.
• Rommel surrendered in May 1943.

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Japan sweeps through the Pacific

• Japanese troops invaded country after country in
  the Pacific region, including the Philippines
  Islands, which were governed by the United States
  and had U.S. bases.
• General Douglas MacArthur became commander of the
  U.S. troops in the region.
• As Japan closed in on Manila, MacArthur withdrew
  and was ordered to
• Australia vowed I shall return.

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Japan sweeps through the Pacific

• Following the defeat in the Bataan peninsula of
  the Philippines Japan captured nearly 70,000
  soldiers. Forced to march 65 miles to prison camp
  - took the lives of U.S. soldiers and Filipino
  prisoners
• became known as
• The Bataan Death March.

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Battle of Coral Sea and Midway

• Two historic naval battles that turned the tide
  of the war in the Pacific were the Battles of
  Coral Sea and Midway. Both were important
  because the United States stopped the Japanese
  and caused such losses to the Japanese navy that
  it no longer ruled the Pacific.

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Manchuria
Example of ABC vocab word assignment.
Explain/Define. Then tell significance to WWII.

• Manchuria, on Chinas eastern seaboard, was
  attacked by Japan in 1931. The League of Nations
  did nothing about it.