?????? papaya

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?????? papaya Carica papaya L.
Caricaceae C. candicans, C. chrysophila C.
pentagyna, C. cundinamarcensis Jacaratia
mexicana, Jarilla caudata
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Origin Tropical America i.e.
S-Mexico, Costa Rica

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Distribution - Panama, Darian
(1513-1525), San Domingo, West Indies,
Philippines (C16), Indonesis India (C18),
Zanzibar Uganda (1874) - Caribbean,
U.S.A. (Florida, Hawaii), E-Africa, Sri Lanka,
India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines,
Australia
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Botany -
Habit Herbaceous, short-lived ( 15 yrs),
2-10 m high branchless with latex in
every part.
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- Stem Long, hollow, Ø 10-30 cm, with
prominent leaf scars.
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- Leaf Very large, simple, spirally arranged
cordate with 7-11 deeply lobed petiole very
long, hollow, pale green or tinged with purple.
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- Flower Polygamous. ? K(5) C(5) A10
G (0) ? K(5) C5 A0 G (5)
? K(5) C5 A5 G (5) pentandria
? K(5) C(5) A10 G (5) elongata
? K(5) C5 A0 G (5) intermediate
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- Fruit Berry, 7-10 cm long,
up to 7 kg in weight shape globose,
oblong, pyriform skin green or dark green
when young and yellow or orange when ripe
flesh colour yellow, orange or red.
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- Seed Numerous, parietal globose, Ø 5 mm
seed coat wrinkle and with gelatinous
sarcotesta.
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?????? papaya Carica papaya L. 1.
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(x1) 4. ????????????????????????? (x1) 5.
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??????????????????????????????? (x1) 7.
??????????? (x1/5) 8. ?????????????? (x3)

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?????? TSS ??????? ???? 13.50 ??????? 12.10 ???? 12.00 ???? 13.88
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1.
???????????????? 1 (Australia 1) 2.
???????????? 2 (Brazil 2) 3. ???????????????
(Califlora) 4
??????????? 1 (Japan 1) 5. ????????????????
(Kapoho Solo)
6. ?????????????????????????
(Mexico-Indonesia) 7. ?????????????????
(Sunrise Solo) 8. ????????????? (Sunset)
9. ?????????????? (Waimanalo)
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?????? Sunset
????????????? 1
?????? Japan 1
?????? Califlora
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?????? Tolerant
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Propagation 1. Sexual sow
at 1 cm deep temp. 23 .. 35 .. 44 C, germinate
in 3-5 d transplant at 3 mon. or direct seeding
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Propagation (conti.) 2. Asexual -
stem, leaf-bud cutting - chip budding -
side grafting - simple inarching
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Planting and cares 1. Soils
- sandy loam, pH 6.0-6.5 2. Spacing - 3
x 3 m, 2 x 2 m 3. Fertilizer application 15-15-1
5 100-400 g at 3 mon. intervals 4. Irrigation
juvenile, at flowering, fruit growth
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Harvesting -
transplant Oct. Nov. - harvest June -
Oct. - young fruit 500-700 g - mature fruit
1.5 kg - yield 30-50 kg/pl 5,400-9000
kg/rai - production 2-3 yrs. . 10 yrs.
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400x300x350 ??., 12 ??.
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400x350x100 ??., 5 ??.
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Papain Latex milky white fluid
liquid Papain proteolytic enzyme protease
solid Exporter Sri Lanka, E-Africa, Congo,
Denmark, U.K., U.S.A., Germany, India Importer
U.S.A., Japan, U.K., France, Germany,
Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Italy, Spain, Poland
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Papain production in Thailand ??????????????
?? ????? 70 Industrial Building Con.S.A.
(Belgium) 30 IBC exporter 90 m baht,
2,000 rai 7,500,000 l/yr 45 m baht/yr
?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????
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Fruits for papain production - fruit medium
sized, thin skin, high latex - 2 mon. old fruits
in June-July - collect at 0600-1000 hr.
3 lines at 1/12 in. deep every week for 8
weeks - dry at 60 C - 14.3 g latex ? 1.51 g
papain from one fruit
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Papain in industry 1.
???????????????? - enzymatic chill-proofing
industry 2. ????????????????? - coaggulants for
cheese making industry
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Papain in industry 3. ????????????????????
? - skins and hides industry 4.
?????????????????? - meat tenderization
industry
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Papain in industry 5. ???????????????????????
- fish oil extraction industry 6.
??????????????????? - yeast extraction industry
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Papain in industry 7. ???????????????
- ???????????? ?? ?????? ???????
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Fresh fruit
production - plant small sized, erect,
vigourous - bearing habit early, profuse,
uniform - fruit elongata, medium-sized (1-2 kg
local or 0.5 kg export) - skin smooth flesh red
or yellowish orange, thick, firm, sweet,
narrow cavity - no deformed fruit - resistant
to diseases - tolerant to drought - thick skin