Kingdom Protista

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The World of Protists

• Kingdom Protista

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What Unites Kingdom Protista?

• All protists share the following
  characteristics
• They are eukaryotic and have membrane-bound
  organelles.

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What Unites Kingdom Protista?

• Protists are very diverse they differ in size,
  shape and movement (locomotion).

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Methods of Locomotion

• Pseudopods, which are extensions of the cytoplasm
  are used by some protists like amoebas.

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Amoebas in Action
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Methods of Locomotion

• Flagella, which are whip-like structures, are
  used by some protists like Euglena.

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Methods of Locomotion

• Other protists, like paramecia, use cilia, which
  are tightly packed rows of hair-like structures.

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What Unites Kingdom Protista?

• Protists live in moist environments.

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What Unites Kingdom Protista?

• Most are unicellular, but some are multicellular.

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What Unites Kingdom Protista?

• Many reproduce asexually, but some can reproduce
  sexually.
• Sexual conjugation
• Asexual binary fission

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What Unites Kingdom Protista?

• Many protists have mechanisms with which they
  monitor their environments.
• Some protists have an eyespot which they use to
  sense light.

Chlamydomonas                        
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Animal-like Protists Protozoans

• They are heterotrophic.
• Protozoans include 4 different phyla
• Flagellates
• Ciliates
• Sporozoans
• Amoebas

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FLAGELLATES

• These protists swim using flagella

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CILIATES

• Move using cilia
• When in fresh water, excess water moves into the
  paramecium
• They use contractile vacuoles to expel the excess
  water.

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SPOROZOANS

• These protists do not move on their own
• Parasitic

An electron micrograph of Plasmodium falciparum,
one of the parasites that causes malaria.
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AMOEBAS

• Move using pseudopods (a false foot)
• Pseudopods are an extension of the cytoplasm that
  stretches out, anchors itself and assists the
  amoeba in moving.

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Plant-like Protists Algae

• Algae are autotrophic and can carry out
  photosynthesis.
• Plant-like protists include
• Euglenoids
• Diatoms
• Dinoflagellates
• Algae

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EUGLENOIDS

• Euglenoids are protists that move using flagella.

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DIATOMS

• Diatoms are protists with glass-like shells made
  of silica.
• Many diatoms are used commercially in abrasive
  cleaners, silver polishes and in the paint used
  on roadways.

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DINOFLAGELLATES

• Dinoflagellates are protists that have two
  flagella
• Several of these protists produce toxins which
  can be poisonous
• Commonly cause red tides

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RED TIDES
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ALGAE

• Algae are marine protists that can be red, brown
  or green.
• Many are eaten as food by marine life.

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ALGAE

• Algae are useful commercially as well.
• Agar (recall from the bacteria lab) and
  carageenan, an ingredient in ice cream are common
  uses of algae.

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ALGAE

• Other types of algae are sea lettuce, sea grapes,
  kelp and seaweed, which is a common food product
  in China.

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Fungus-like Protists Molds

• Fungus-like protists are decomposers.
• These include
• Plasmodial slime molds
• Cellular slime molds
• Water molds

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PLASMODIAL SLIME MOLD

• Slime molds are protists that consist of a slimy
  mass of cytoplasm

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CELLULAR SLIME MOLDS

• These protists are masses made up of individual
  cells.

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WATER MOLDS

• Water molds are fuzzy, white growths that feed on
  decaying matter.

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Diseases Caused by Protists

• Many protists are parasitic and can cause
  diseases in humans other organisms such as
• Malaria
• Amoebic dysentary
• Toxoplasmosis
• Sleeping sickness

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MALARIA

• SYMPTOMS Fever, chills, confusion
• PROTIST Plasmodium
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION Mosquito bite

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AMOEBIC DYSENTARY

• SYMPTOMS Bloody diarrhea
• PROTIST Entamoeba histolytica
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION Contaminated food and water

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TOXOPLASMOSIS

• SYMPTOMS Brain damage death to fetus
• PROTIST Toxoplasma gondii
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION Contact with infected cats

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SLEEPING SICKNESS

• SYMPTOMS Fever, weakness
• PROTIST Trypanosoma
• MODE OF TRANSMISSION Bite from an insect

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  Figure 1. Sarcodine diversity. (A) Amoeba, (B)
Radiolarian, and (C) Foraminifera
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Figure 2. Ciliate diversity. (A) Structure of
Paramecium and (B) Vorticella
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Figure 3. Diversity within the euglenoids and
green algae. (A) Euglena, (B) Chlamydomonas, and
(C) Volvox.
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THE END

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