Metals

1
Chapter 4.3

• Metals Page 138

2
The Metals

• Chemical Properties of metals
• Some metals are very reactive (Na) and others are
  very unreactive (Au and Pt).
• The metals in Group 1 are the most reactive
• Metals usually react by losing electrons to other
  atoms.

3
Alkali Metals

• Group 1, all have one valence electron
• These react with other elements by losing one
  electron. Highly reactive.
• Many alkali metals are soft, shiny and can cut
  with a knife.

4
Alkaline Earth Metals

• Group 2, two valence electrons
• Properties fairly hard metals, good conductors
  of electricity

5
Transition Metals

• Groups 3 12
• Less reactive as you move from left to right
• Most transition metals are hard metals, shiny and
  good conductors of electricity

6
Metals in Mixed Groups

• Metals in Groups 13-15 (not all are metals in
  these groups)
• Most common are aluminum, tin and lead

7
Lanthanides

• This row of elements is separated to make the
  Periodic Table more compact.
• Neodymium (Nd) is used to made strong magnets

8
Actinides

• Most of the elements in this series have been
  created artificially in laboratories
• The nuclei of these many of these elements tend
  to be unstable
• Uranium is the most common naturally occurring
  element in this series

9
Synthetic Elements

• These include the elements with an atomic number
  greater that 92
• These are made by scientists forcing nuclear
  particles to crash into one another with the use
  of a particle accelerator

10
Chapter 4.4

• Nonmetals, Semimetals, Inert Gases

11
The Nonmetals

• A nonmetal is an element that lacks most of the
  properties of a metal.
• Most nonmetals are poor conductors of electric
  current and heat.
• Solids nonmetals are dull and brittle!

12
Physical Properties of Nonmetals

• Four nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
• Oxygen, nitrogen, Fluorine and Chlorine
• Bromine (Br) is the only nonmetal that is a
  liquid at room temperature.
• Other nonmetals are such as Sulfur (S) are solids
  at room temperature.
• Solid nonmetals are dull, brittle, and poor
  conductors of heat and electric current.

13
Chemical Properties of Nonmetals

• Atoms of nonmetals usually gain or share
  electrons when they react with other atoms.
• When nonmetals react, electrons move from the
  metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms.
• Example
• Na (metal) Cl (nonmetal) --gt NaCl (salt)

14
Nonmetal Families

• The Carbon Family element can gain, lose or
  share 4 electrons.
• The Nitrogen Family elements can gain or share 3
  electrons. This group is reactive, however not as
  much as the Oxygen family
• The Oxygen Family elements can gain or share 2
  electrons. This group is very reactive.
• The Halogen Family Halogensalt forming.
  Elements can gain or share 1 electron. This is
  the most reactive group of nonmetals.

15
Inert Gases

• Group 18 elements are known as the inert gases.
• These elements do not form compounds because they
  cannot gain, lose or share electrons.
• The inert gases are also known as the noble gases.

16
The Semimetals

• Semimetals have some of the properties of metals
  and some of the properties of nonmetals.
• All semimetals are solid at room temperature.
• They are brittle, hard and somewhat unreactive.
• The most common semimetal is Silicon (Si), a
  component in glass (SiO2).
• The most useful property of the semimetals is
  their varying ability to conduct electric
  current.
• Semimetals are good examples of semiconductors,
  substances that conduct electric current under
  some conditions but not under other conditions.