What do I need to cite?

1
What do I need to cite?

• This chart will help you decide what must be
  cited.
• It was created by Robert A. Harris in The
  Plagiarism Handbook.

2
So, you dont need to cite a fact, for example
Harper Lee wrote To Kill a Mockingbird.OR
Harper Lee was born in 1926.but you must cite
the source of opinions and ideas that are not
your own.for example Dorothy Gale believes that
Lord of the Flies is an inspiring story (75). OR
According to Joe Smith, Piggy represents the
human spirit (15).And, you must cite anytime
you use the exact words of the sourceeven if the
words are presenting common knowledge.You must
always cite the source of ANY direct quotation.
3
How to Cite a Source

• Its easy. Just provide your audience with the
  source of any ideas or words that are not your
  own.
• First, carefully mark the beginning and end of
  the sources words or idea.
• Then, provide a bibliography to show where the
  borrowed material originated.
• In fact, listing your sources shows your audience
  that you are an informed, well-researched writer!

4
How to Cite Direct Quotations

• Provide a bibliographic entry to show where the
  borrowed material originated.
• Park, Beth L. Understanding William Goldings
  Lord of the Flies. Lebo University Press
  Pittsburgh, PA, 2008.
• Carefully mark the beginning and end of the
  sources words or idea.
• Use a signal phrase to introduce the source.
• Use quotation marks to surround the words of the
  source.
• Provide the page number (or another citation)
  after the closing quotation marks.
• EXAMPLE
• According to literary critic Beth L. Parks, Piggy
  finds peace through his search for the height of
  his own potential (24).

5
How to Cite Paraphrases

• Provide a bibliographic entry to show where the
  borrowed material originated.
• Park, Beth L. Understanding William Goldings
  Lord of the Flies. Lebo University Press
  Pittsburgh, PA, 2008.
• Carefully mark the beginning and end of the
  sources material.
• Use a signal phrase to introduce the source
• Put the sources original words into your own
  words
• It isnt just about using synonyms to replace
  words.
• You must change the syntax, sentence structure,
  organization of the original.
• If you find yourself just changing a word here or
  there, ask yourself if a direct quotation would
  work. If it would work, then use a direct
  quotation.
• Provide the page number (or another citation)
  after the closing quotation marks.
• EXAMPLE
• According to literary critic Beth L. Parks, Piggy
  protects
• his self-esteem by disciplining the other boys
  (24).