Punjab

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Map of India
Punjab
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PunjabThe Land of the Sikhs

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Demographics of Punjab

• Area 50,362 sq Km
• Capital Chandigarh
• Language Punjabi
• Districts 17
• Population 20,281,969
• Males 10,695,136
• Females  9,495,659
• Literacy  57.14

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Places of Interest in Punjab

• Amritsar-Sacred city of the Sikhs, The Golden
  Temple, Gardens, Fort, Museums.
• Taran Taran-Sikh Shrine.
• Dera Baba Nanak/Govindwal/Kiratpur-Sikh pilgrim
  center.
• Pathankot-Gateway to Jammu and Kashmir and the
  Valleys of Himachal.
• Patiala- Palace and Museum, National Institute of
  Sports.
• Major Towns- Chandigarh, Amritsar, Patiala,
  Ludhiana, Jalandhar.

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Location

• Punjab is in Northern India and east side of
  Pakistan. It has a long history and rich cultural
  heritage.
• Punjab is said to have derived its name from the
  five rivers that flow through it. The Indus,
  Ravi, Beas, Sutlej and Ghaggar rivers. Pung means
  five and aab means water so Punjab means five
  waters.
• The people of Punjab are called Punjabis and
  speak the language called Punjabi.

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People
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The Sikh Religion

• A progressive religion well ahead of its time
  when it was founded over 500 years ago, The Sikh
  religion today has a following of over 20 million
  people worldwide and is ranked as the worlds 5th
  largest religion. Sikhism preaches a message of
  devotion and remembrance of God at all times,
  truthful living, equality of mankind and
  denounces superstitions and blind rituals.
  Sikhism is open to all through the teachings of
  its 10 Gurus enshrined in the Sikh Holy Book, Sri
  Guru Granth Sahib.

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Place of worship

• The Sikh place of worship is called a gurdwara,
  which means house of God. Wherever Sikhs go, they
  build a gurdwara as a place to worship and meet
  each other.

• Sri Harimandir Sahib, commonly referred to as the
  "Golden Temple," is the world's most famous
  gurdwara.

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Sikhs Articles of Faith

• Sikhs have a way to show their commitment to
  their religion they wear five articles of faith,
  called kakkars or "5 K's." Many Sikhs who have
  not taken amrit (similar to baptism) do not keep
  all five. Almost all Sikhs wear the kara, or
  silver bangle.
• These are the 5 K's
• Kachhera The kachhera, a cotton undergarment,
  reminds Sikhs of their modesty.
• Kanga The kanga, a small wooden comb, represents
  cleanliness and taking care of yourself.
• Kara The kara, a steel bangle, is worn on the
  wrist. Since we use our hands for almost
  everything we do, the bracelet is a constant
  reminder of good deeds.
• Kes The kes, long uncut hair, has become the
  most visible way to identify Sikhs. Sikhs do not
  cut their hair in order to maintain the way their
  bodies were given to them. Most men and some
  women wrap their long hair in a turban. Almost
  all people you see wearing turbans in the United
  States are Sikhs.
• Kirpan The kirpan, a small religious sword,
  represents a commitment to justice.

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Names

• Middle Name
• One of the Sikh gurus, Guru Gobind Singh, wanted
  to promote equality and unity between all Sikhs.
  So he gave all Sikh women the name "Kaur,"
  meaning daughter of kings and all Sikh men the
  name, "Singh," meaning lion.
• Last Name
• The last name usually signifies a family
  tradition. Many Sikhs, especially in the U.S.,
  choose not to use their family names and instead
  use "Singh" or "Kaur" as their last name.

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Food

• Imagine a table of steel plates and saucers full
  of rich spicy dishes vegetables and meats and
  yogurts and breads. Punjabi main dishes use rich
  masalas, or spices, cooked with ghee, or butter.
  Punjabis cook vegetables, meat and lentils in the
  spices and serve them with rice or a flatbread
  called roti, similar to tortillas. To help ease
  the spices, they serve a side dish of yogurt or a
  glass of buttermilk. Punjabis usually drink hot
  milky chai, or tea, with every meal.

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Clothing

• Punjabi Girls. Punjabi girls traditionally wear
  salwar kameez with bright colored chunnis. The
  salwar kameez has two pieces the kameez, or long
  shirt, and salwar, or pants. A chunni is a long
  colorful cloth that women wear around their
  necks. Some clothes are simple and made out of
  cotton, and some are elaborate made out of silk.
  Though some women wear turbans, most use a long
  thin scarf to cover their heads.

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Clothing

• Punjabi Boys. Punjabi men and boys wear loose
  pants or slacks with a collared shirt or t-shirt.
  Some also wear a kurta pajama, a shirt and pant
  outfit which is very popular amongst Punjabi
  farmers. On their heads, many Sikh men wear
  turbans, called pagris. Sikh boys wear a patka,
  or a small cloth that wraps around their head,
  and then choose to wear the turban when they get
  older.

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Examples of Clothing
Kurta Pajama
Salwar Kameez
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Music and Dance

• Bhangra is a lively form of music and dance that
  originated in Punjab. As many Bhangra lyrics
  reflect the long and often tumultuous history of
  Punjab, knowledge of Punjabi history offers
  important insights into the meaning of the music.
  While Bhangra began as a part of harvest festival
  celebrations, it eventually became a part of such
  diverse occasions as weddings and New Year
  celebrations. Moreover, during the last thirty
  years, Bhangra has enjoyed a surge in popularity
  worldwide, both in traditional form and as a
  fusion with genres such as hip-hop and reggae.

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Bhangra
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Fairs and Festivals
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Baisakhi
Baisakhi is celebrated on the 13th of April every
year, marking the new year of Punjab.  In Punjab,
a primarily agricultural area, this day is
especially important as it commemorates the first
day of harvest.  The fields are full and
beautiful with nature's bounty, all ready to be
cut and collected on this day. Traditionally, the
men and women perform Bhangra and Giddha to the
pounding rhythm of the dhol (drum).
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Lohri
Lohri marks the end of winter, celebrated on the
13th of January.  This festival is celebrated as
a harvest fair, marked with gaiety and feasting.
This festival commemorates more than the harvest,
though it honors the spirit of Punjab. The day
that follows Lohri is an auspicious one for the
Sikh community. It is the first day of the
Punjabi month called 'mangh' or 'manghi'.  This
is a holy month, and it is honored with
'daan-punya' (acts of physical and material
charity).  In the Sikh community, clothes worn
the night before, are given away and all the
young girls receive 'punya' in the form of money.
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Gurpurabs
Anniversaries associated with the lives of Sikh
Gurus are referred to as Gurpurabs Gurpurab
literally means 'festival of the guru'. The Sikhs
celebrate 10 Gurpurabs in a year.All Gurpurabs
are considered auspicious and important but
special significance is accorded to the birth
anniversary of Guru Nanak, the founder of the
Sikh religion. This falls in the month of Kartik
(October / November).
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Education in Punjab

• A uniform structure of school education the
  102 system has been adopted.
• Minimum age for admission to class 1 in primary
  school is generally 5 years.
• The medium of instruction is Hindi, Punjabi and
  English.

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School Structures

• In India there are three different types of
  schools. They are all boys, all girls, or co-ed
  schools.
• Depending on the families, boys and girls may
  sometimes work together on projects.
• Boarding schools are also common throughout
  India.

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Teachers

• Teachers are respected a great deal in India.
• They are respected in the same way Gurus are.
• Teachers praise the kids in the same ways as
  here.
• Barriya means good
• Shabaash means very good.
• Bahut Acchha means very nice.

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Grading method

• Homework is not graded in schools.
• Pop quizzes are not given in classes.
• Mid term exams and final exams are given at
  schools.
• Greater emphasis is placed on tests versus
  homework for grades.
• A child's promotion to the next grade depends
  upon academic achievement.

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Example of grading scale in India

•      O-      90 and above
•      A     80 to 89
•      A       70 to 79
•      B     60 to 69
•      B       50 to 59
•      C     45 to 49
•      C       40 to 44
•      D       Below 40

Mota Singh Senior Elementary School
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Punjabi language

• Punjabi is a language (what we speak). Gurmukhi
  is a script (how we write Punjabi)
• In the Punjabi language, the total number of
  alphabets are 40, vowels are 10,consonants are 5
  and dependent vowels (Matraas) are 10.

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Punjabi Language

• Gurmukhi script is written from left to write,
  and read from left to right.
• Paragraphs have indentions.
• Various letters/sounds in the Punjabi alphabet
  have no English equivalents.
• Sentences are written with the subject first,
  sentence parts in the middle, and the verb last.
• Helping verbs such as to be are not usually
  used in Punjabi.
• There is no capitalization of words.

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Some differences between English and Punjabi
language

• In Punjabi
• 1. We use one word for 'is' and 'are'.
• 2. One word for 'was' and 'were'.
• 3. One word for 'between,'among' and 'into'.
• 4. One word for 'it' and 'this'.
• 5. One word for 'down,'below' and 'under'.
• 6. One word for 'he' and 'she,or 'his' and
  'her'. Gender is identified by the verb.
• 7. One word for 'has' and 'have'. Singular or
  Plural are identified by verb.
• 8. One word for 'at', 'on, 'above', 'up' and
  'over'.
• 9. One word for 'do' and 'does'.
• 10. One word for 'will' and 'shall'.

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Punjabi/Hindi words used in English

• Many Punjabi/Hindi words are used in English
  today.
• Some words were borrowed because they sounded
  different and trendy like pundit, guru, and
  dharma.
• The Punjabi word khand, meaning sugar lump, is a
  likely origin for the word candy.
• Currently the Oxford English Dictionary lists
  over 700 words of Indian origin.

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Structure/Vocabulary

• Structure - Grammar of Punjabi is similar to
  Hindi and Urdu with some relatively minor
  differences.
• Vocabulary - Like Hindi and Urdu, Punjabi has a
  substantial number of loan words from Arabic and
  Persian.

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Genders

• Punjabi Language has 2 genders - masculine and
  feminine. The masculine and feminine genders are
  not only decided by the sex (as for humans or
  animals) but also by the size and usage. Larger
  inanimate objects are denoted by the masculine
  form, smaller by the feminine. Genders of
  inanimate objects are denoted by the word ending,
  i.e. an object ending in a is masculine, e.g.
  kamra (room), while an object ending in i is
  feminine, e.g. kursi (chair).

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Difficult Sounds

• The following may be difficult for Punjabi
  speakers
• Frank fixes fine furniture.
• Bring the ping pong ball.
• Set those three thick tree trunks on the trunk.
• Chelsea shouldnt choose chocolate cakes.
• Which show will we watch?
• Put the pot of peppers on the back porch.
• Martha thoroughly thought these things through.
• I wouldnt want to wear wool in warm weather.
• Does he pet the cat on the head or on the back?

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Difficult Sounds

• Ch (chin) w (water)
• F (foot) x (extra)
• Ng (ring) a (man)
• P (pot) e (egg)
• Q (queen) I (sit)
• Th (thin) o (hot)
• Th (then) u ( up)
• V (vote)

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• The culture of Punjab is unique. Punjabis show a
  zest for life. They are known for their hard work
  and bravery. They do well in all types of work,
  from farming to information technology.