Later People of the Fertile Crescent

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Later People of the Fertile Crescent

• Chapter 3 Section 4
• 72-77

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Fertile Crescent Empires
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Later Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Babylonian Hittites Kassites Assyrians Chaldeans

Phoenicians

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Later Empires of the Fertile Crescent
Babylonian Hittites Kassites Assyrians Chaldeans
Conquered Sumer Hammurabi-brilliant leader, ruled for 42 years Hammurabis Code-1st law code written down, 282 laws, and eye for an eye concept Created Irrigation Projects and improves tax system Hammurabi dies and empire declines (weakens) Captured Babylon Empire in present-day Turkey Used Chariots and fire arrows around the battlefield Hittite rule did not last long Kassite people captured the Hittite people after their king was assassinated Ruled for 400 years In 900 BC, they started to conquer all of the Fertile Crescent STRONG, ORGANIZED ARMY They spread terror Demanded heavy taxes and punished those who resisted Built roads to link parts of the empire Messengers on horseback to deliver messages Series of wars weakened the empire Destroyed Nineveh and the Assyrian Empire and rebuilt Babylon Nebuchadnezzar was their most famous ruler Nebuchadnezzar build one of the wonders of the world Hanging Gardens Admired Sumerian culture and studied their language Babylon center of astronomy
Phoenicians
Present-day land of Lebanon Wealthy trading society Cedar and Purple Dye Mountains blocked their trade routes, so they turned to the sea Tyre-harbor Colonies-Carthage Had fast ships Traveled around Mediterranean Worlds 1st alphabet
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Tips Remember this Sentence

• Sam and Bob heard kangaroos and chimpanzees
  playing.

• Sam (Sumer) and (Akkad) Bob (Babylonian) heard
  (Hittites) kangaroos (Kassites) and (Assyrians)
  chimpanzees (Chaldeans) playing (Phoenicians)

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Main Idea 1The Babylonians conquered
Mesopotamia and created a code of law.

• Hammurabi was Babylons king.
• During his rule, Babylon became the most
  important city in Mesopotamia.
• Hammurabis Code was a set of 282 laws he created
  that dealt with almost every part of daily life.

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Hammurabi
Babylons king and the citys greatest monarch,
or ruler of a kingdom or empire
Brilliant war leader who brought all of
Mesopotamia into his Babylonian Empire

• Oversaw building and irrigation projects and
  improved the tax system
• Developed a set of laws that was written down for
  all to see

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Hammurabis Code

• Hammurabi wrote down 282 laws which contained
  some ideas still found in laws today.
• Specific crimes brought specific penalties.
• Social class was taken into account. It was a
  greater crime to injure a rich man than a poor
  one.
• It was unique not only because of how thorough it
  was, but also because he wrote it down for all to
  see.

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Main Idea 2Invasions of Mesopotamia changed the
regions culture.

• Armies battled for control of fertile land.
• Different peoples ruled Mesopotamia.
• Hittites
• Kassites
• Assyrians
• Chaldeans
• Each group affected the culture of the region.

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The Hittites Kassites
The Hittites were the first to master
ironworking, so they made the strongest weapons
of the time.
They used the chariot, a wheeled, horse-drawn
cart, which allowed them to move quickly around
the battlefield.
They were taken over by the Kassites after their
king was assassinated.
The Kassites ruled for almost 400 years.
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The Assyrians

• The Assyrians had a strong army that used
  chariots and iron weapons.
• They spread terror before battles by looting
  villages and burning crops.
• Assyrian kings ruled their empire through local
  leaders who each governed a small area.
• The local leaders demanded heavy taxes.

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The Chaldeans

• The Chaldeans attacked the Assyrians when they
  were weak and destroyed their empire.
• Nebuchadnezzar rebuilt Babylon into a beautiful
  city that had the famous Hanging Gardens.
• They admired the Sumerian culture, studied their
  language, and built temples to Sumerian gods.
• Babylon became a center for astronomy.

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Main Idea 3The Phoenicians built a trading
society in the eastern Mediterranean region.

• Resources
• Prized Cedar trees for timber
• Accessed the sea for trade
• Built great harbors

• Alphabet
• Recorded their activities
• Made writing much easier for everyone
• Is the basis for the English language

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Chapter 3 Summary
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Chapter 3-4 Questions

1. When did Hammurabi become Babylons king?
2. How did Hammurabi conquer Mesopotamia?
3. Why would it have been helpful for people to have
   the law code written down?
4. Why did the Hittite Kingdom come to an end?
5. What military advantages did the Assyrians have?
6. How do you think the use of chariots by Hittites
   affected the opposing armys foot soldiers?
7. How did the Assyrians rule their empire?
8. What advances did the Chaldeans make?
9. Where did Phoenician ships sail?
10. Why was the Phoenician alphabet an important
    development?
11. What led the Phoenicians to create a successful
    sea trade?