Warm-Up / EOC Prep

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Warm-Up / EOC Prep

• 1. 6CO2 6H2O energy ? C6H12O6 6O2
  represents the process of ___.
• A. Photosynthesis B. Fermentation
• C. Cellular respiration D. Glycolysis
• 2. Organisms need a way of storing energy as ATP
  because ___.
• A. A cell can always immediately use all the
  energy it gets
• B. An organism often has times when no energy is
  used
• C. A cell can release only stored energy
• D. A cell can create energy and does not need to
  get it from elsewhere in the organism

2
Agenda

• Warm-Up
• Flip-flop
• MSB Video
• Finish up poster vocab
• Practice quiz
• Clean-Up
• Cool-down

3
Announcements

• Quiz Friday on Photosynthesis Cellular
  Respiration.
• Goal 2 Exam is Tuesday, September 29th.
• Topics to be covered pH, water, organic
  molecules, enzymes, cell theory, prokaryotic
  cells, eukaryotic cells, cell membrane, cell
  transport, ATP, photosynthesis, cellular
  respiration, fermentation

4
Warm-Up / EOC Prep

• 1. An individual running a marathon may
  experience periods of oxygen-deprivation (not
  enough oxygen in the cells) that can lead to
• A. Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells, forming
  lactic acid
• B. Aerobic respiration in muscle cells,
  generating glycogen
• C. Anaerobic respiration in liver cells,
  producing glucose
• D. Aerobic respiration in liver cells,
  synthesizing alcohol
• 2. A cell with numerous ribosomes is probably
  specialized for
• A. Enzyme storage B. Energy production
• C. Cell division D. Protein synthesis

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Agenda

• Warm-Up
• Review Notes 1
• Multiple Choice 1
• Puzzle
• Practice Quiz
• Clean-Up
• Cool-down

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Announcements

• Quiz TOMORROW on Cell Transport, Photosynthesis
  Cellular Respiration.
• Goal 2 Exam is Tuesday, September 29th.
• Topics to be covered pH, water, organic
  molecules, enzymes, cell theory, prokaryotic
  cells, eukaryotic cells, cell membrane, cell
  transport, ATP, photosynthesis, cellular
  respiration, fermentation

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BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW

• Guided Notes

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• organic molecules have carbon.
• inorganic molecules do not have carbon.

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• Monomers are small parts that make up a large
  polymers.
• Monomer Monomer Monomer
• polymer

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Organic Molecule Elements Function Monomer Sketch Test
Carbohydrate C, H, O monosaccharides Benedicts (sugar) Iodine (starch)
Lipid C, H Glycerol fatty acids Brown paper
Protein C, H, O, N Amino acids Biurets
Nucleic Acid C, H, O, N, P nucleotides No test
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• Water is a universal solvent it dissolves most
  molecules and ions.
• pH is a measure of the amount of hydrogen ions in
  a solution.
• pH scale goes from 1-14.

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• 1-6 acid the lower the pH, the stronger the
  acid.
• Ex. 2 is a stronger acid than 5
• 7 NEUTRAL based on pure water
• 8-14 base (alkaline) the higher the pH, the
  stronger the base.
• Ex. 14 is a stronger the base than 11

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• Enzymes are a special type of protein that speeds
  up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation
  energy of a reaction.
•  
• Enzymes are biological catalysts.

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• The material an enzyme works on is called the
  substrate.
• The pocket or groove where the substrate fits
  into on the enzyme is called the active site

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• Enzymes are named for the substrate that they
  work with. Names usually end in ase.
• Enzymes can be denatured by a change in
  temperature or a change in pH.

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REVIEW

• Enzymes can also be called

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• Biological catalysts

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• The material the enzyme works on is called the
  _______ and the pocket or groove is called the
  ________ _______.

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• Substrate, active site

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• A pH of 8 means it is a

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• base

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• What organic molecule is made out of glycerol and
  fatty acids?

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• lipid

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• Use for transport and repair

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• proteins

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Cool-Down

• 1- What is the equation for cellular respiration?
• 2- What organelle does cellular respiration occur
  in?
• 3- What is aerobic? Anaerobic?
• 4- What is the equation for photosynthesis?

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Warm-Up / EOC Prep

• 1. Which characteristic of prokaryotic organisms
  makes them different from eukaryotes?
• A. Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound
  organelles
• B. Prokaryotes do not have chromosomes
• C. Prokaryotes are made of cells
• D. Prokaryotes have DNA
• 2. Active transport is different from passive
  transport because it uses
• A. Water B. Proteins
• C. Ribosomes D. Energy

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Agenda

• Warm-Up
• Quiz- Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis
• Review Notes 2
• Puzzle
• Cells Review WS
• Clean-Up
• Cool-down

29
Announcements

• Goal 2 Exam is Tuesday, September 29th.
• Topics to be covered pH, water, organic
  molecules, enzymes, cell theory, prokaryotic
  cells, eukaryotic cells, cell membrane, cell
  transport, ATP, photosynthesis, cellular
  respiration, fermentation

30

• Student of the week is

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BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW DAY 2

• Guided Notes

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• The cell theory was developed with the help of
  the light microscope.
• The cell theory states that
• 1. all organisms are composed of cells
• 2. cells are the basic unit of structure and
  function in living things
• 3. cells come from pre-existing cells

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• Cell Theory People
• a. Anton von Leeuwenhoek ? saw living things
  in pond water
• b. Robert Hooke ? named the cell
• c. Matthias Schleiden ? plants made of
  cells

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• d. Theodore Schwann ? animals made of
  cells
• e. Rudolph Virchow ? all cells come from
  other cells

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• Total Magnification eyepiece(ocular lens) x
  objective lens
• Eyepiece 10x Objectives 10x, 40x Greatest
  possible magnification 400x
• Ex. Total magnification 600x Eyepiece 10x X
  Objective 60x

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• Under the microscope, letters get put upside
  down and backwards.
• Ex. J appears as ___.

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• Parts of the microscope
• a. stage where you put the slide
• b. objective lens magnifies the image
• c. arm and base used to carry the microscope

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• Types of microscopes
• 1. light microscope
• 2. transmission electron microscope
• 3. scanning electron microscope

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PROKARYOTIC VS. EUKARYOTIC CELLS

• Prokaryotic
• No nucleus
• No organelles
• Came first
• Small
• Simple

• Eukaryotic
• Nucleus
• Organelles
• Came second
• Bigger
• Complex

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• nucleus controls the cell (where DNA is found)
• Ribosomes site of protein synthesis (make
  proteins)
• Plasma (Cell Membrane controls what comes in
  and out
• Endoplasmic reticulum series of channels that
  act as a transport system

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• Golgi Apparatus packs, sorts and ships
  molecules
• Mitochondria powerhouse makes energy site of
  cellular respiration
• chloroplast site of photosynthesis

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• Vacuole stores waste, water and food
• cell wall used for structure and support in
  plant cells

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• Plant cells are different from animal cells in
  three ways
• plant cells have a cell wall, animal cells do not
• plant cells have chloroplasts, animal cells do
  not
• plant cells have larger vacuoles

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• If the ocular lens is 10x, and the objectives are
  10x, and 50x, what is the greatest possible
  magnification?

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• 500x

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• What is the difference between prokaryotic and
  eukaryotic cells?

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• P-no nucleus, no organelles, smaller, came first

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• What is the difference between plant and animal
  cells?

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• P-chloroplasts, cell wall, larger vacuoles

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• If a cell cannot make proteins, they do not have

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• ribosomes

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• The organelle that supports and protects plant
  cells is the

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• Cell wall

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Warm-Up / EOC Prep

• 1. The structures labeled X and Y represent a
• A. Nucleic acid and a lipid
• B. Protein and a carbohydrate
• C. Nucleic acid and a carbohydrate
• D. Protein and a lipid
• 2. Cells store energy by converting
• A. ADP to ATP B. ATP to ADP
• C. Both A and B D. None of the above

X Y
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Agenda

• Warm-Up
• Crossword
• Review Notes 3
• Multiple Choice 2
• Matching Vocab
• Clean-Up
• Cool-down

56
Announcements

• Goal 2 Exam is TOMORROW.
• Topics to be covered pH, water, organic
  molecules, enzymes, cell theory, prokaryotic
  cells, eukaryotic cells, cell membrane, cell
  transport, ATP, photosynthesis, cellular
  respiration, fermentation

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BIOCHEMISTRY REVIEW DAY 3

• Guided Notes

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• Cell Membrane
• The Cell membrane (plasma membrane) is made up of
  two layers of lipid, so it is called a lipid
  bilayer

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• Proteins can also be found inside the membrane.
  They can act as receptors, channels and pumps.
• The lipid bilayer contains phospholipid molecules
  with nonpolar tails and polar heads.

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• Their hydrophobic tails are water hating, while
  the hydrophilic heads are water loving.
• They are arranged in the membrane with the tails
  together and the heads on the outside.

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(No Transcript)
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• Most biological membranes are selectively
  permeable, or some substances can pass across
  the membrane while others cannot

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• The semi permeability of the cell membrane is
  most closely associated with the maintenance of
  homeostasis.
• Two main types of transport are active and
  passive.

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• Passive Transport does not require energy
  moves molecules from high concentration ? low
  concentration.
• diffusion molecules move from high ? low
• osmosis water moves from high ? low (water
  moves from less salt to more salt)
• facilitated diffusion large molecules move from
  high ? low through a transport protein

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• Active Transport requires energy (ATP) moves
  substances from low concentration ? high
  concentration.
• equilibrium the concentration of dissolved
  substance is the same throughout a system.

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• What happens to a cell when
• it is placed in a solution with a higher salt
  concentration it will shrink
• it is placed in a solution with the same salt
  concentration stays the same
• it is placed in a solution with lower salt
  concentration it will swell and burst

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• Photosynthesis is the conversion of sunlight into
  chemical energy.

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• Equation CO2 H2O Light ? C6H12O6 O2
• Carbon Dioxide Water Light ? Glucose
  (sugars) oxygen
• Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast and the
  sunlight required for the reaction is absorbed by
  the chloroplast pigment chlorophyll.

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• There are 2 stages to photosynthesis
• 1. light reactions (Electron Transport
  Chain)
• 2. Calvin Cycle (dark reactions)

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• Cellular Respiration is the process that releases
  energy by breaking down glucose and other food
  molecules in the presence of oxygen.
• Equation C6H12O6 O2 ? CO2 H20 ATP
  (energy)
• Glucose oxygen ? Carbon Dioxide water ATP

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• Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
• The most energy is made during aerobic cellular
  respiration (36 ATP / molecule of glucose)
• There are 3 stages to aerobic cellular
  respiration
• Glycolysis
• Krebs Cycle
• Electron Transport Chain

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• Anaerobic respiration occurs when there is a lack
  of oxygen for the cells.
• Anaerobic respiration has 2 stages
• Glycolysis
• fermentation

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• There are 2 types of fermentation
• Lactic Acid
• Forms lactic acid as a byproduct.
• Lactic acid creates sore muscles after
  exercising.

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• Alcoholic
• Forms ethanol as a byproduct.
• Used in making alcohol.

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• REVIEW

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• Which type of respiration produces more ATP?

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• aerobic

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• What is the gas produced by photosynthesis?

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• oxygen

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• What does the mitochondria make?

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• ATP

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• What happens to a cell in salty water?

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• shrinks

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• The cell membrane is made out of

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• Lipids and proteins

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WARM-UP / EOC PREP

• 1. Which of the following biomolecules is
  correctly paired with its building blocks?
•  A. Carbohydrate-nucleotide
• B. Protein-monosaccharide
• C. Lipid-fatty acids
• D. Nucleic acid-amino acids
• 2. Which organelle is responsible for digesting
  old organelles and removing waste using enzymes?
• A. Mitochondria B. Golgi body
• C. Chloroplast D. Lysosome

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AGENDA

• Warm-Up
• Review
• Exam
• Clean-Up
• Cool-down