Metals, Nonmetals

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• Metals, Nonmetals
• and Metalloids

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Coloring in the Periodic Table
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Notice the difference between the appearance of
the metals and nonmetals.Click here for a better
view of each of the elements.
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Physical properties of METALS

• Metals are SOLIDS.
• (except mercury)
• Metals are HARD.
• (except Lithium, Potassium, Sodium)

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Physical Properties of METALS

• Metals have shiny luster. (or metallic luster)
• LUSTER the way an objects surface
  reflects light

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When you leave a spoon in a cup of hot drink, the
bit poking out of the drink gets hot. Why?
Conduction!

• METALS are the best conductors of heat.
• This is because the electrons in metals move
  more freely than in non-metals, allowing the heat
  energy to travel across the metal.
• For example, when the spoon touches the hot
  drink, the heat from the drink excites the
  electrons in the metal, and the electrons
  transfer the energy from one electron to another,
  carrying the heat all the way up the spoon
  quickly.

Best conductors silver and copper
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Physical Properties of METALS

• Metals are good conductors of electricity.
• Copper, silver, and gold are good electrical
  conductors. In a conductor, electric current can
  flow freely. Since metals have free electrons,
  they can carry a charge easily.

Copper Wiring
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Physical Properties of METALS

• Metals are malleable.
• Malleable or Malleability - metals ability
  to be shaped or formed as by hammering or
  pressure can be beaten into thin sheets
• Aluminum is malleable.

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Physical Properties of METALS

• Metals are ductile.
• Ductility or ductile can be drawn into a
  wire

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Examples of NONMETALS

• Non metals may be solids, liquids or gases.
• Examples
• Solids Carbon, Sulfur, Phosphorus
• Liquid Bromine
• Gases Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen

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Physical Properties of NONMETALS

• Nonmetals have a dull luster.
• (They are not shiny!)
• Example Phosphorus

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Physical Properties of NONMETALS

• Nonmetals are insulators.
• They do not conduct electricity or heat well.

The atoms in nonmetals do not have loose
electrons. Therefore, when electricity, or
something hot touches a non-metal, the energy
does not move quickly through the material. What
would you rather stir a hot pot witha wooden
spoon or a metal spoon?
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Physical Properties of NONMETALS

• Nonmetals are soft (except for diamonds and
  brittle.

Example Sulfur
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An interesting element Carbon
Ever break the point of your pencil? Thats
because its made of graphite, a substance made
up completely of Carbona brittle nonmetal.
Carbon atoms in graphite
However diamonds, the hardest material of all,
are made of the same element Carbon. Look at how
the carbon atoms are arranged in diamondswhy do
you think diamonds are harder than graphite?
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METALLOIDS
The elements contained in the classification of
Metalloids
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METALLOIDS

• Elements classified as Metalloids have physical
  properties of both metals and non-metals.
• Some are shiny, some are dull, they are somewhat
  malleable and ductile, and can conduct heat and
  electricity at a lesser level than metals.

SILICON
ARSENIC
BORON
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METALLOIDS

• Some metalloids are useful semiconductors, which
  are used in electronics (radio, computers,
  telephones, etc.)
• They are useful because they conduct just the
  right amount of electricity or heat.

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Where do we find METALS?

• Some metals like gold, silver, and platinum
  are found as pure substances in the earths crust
  because they are least reactive.
• Most metals are reactive and are found as
  oxides (react with oxygen), carbonates (react
  with carbon), sulfides (react with sulfur).
• Minerals are elements or compounds which occur
  naturally inside the earths crust.
• Ore is a mineral from which metals can be
  extracted profitably.