??????? ???? ????? ??????? Epidemics and Epidemiology

1
??????? ???? ????? ??????? Epidemics and
Epidemiology
?????????
2

• ???? Epidemic ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????
  ????? ?? ??????? ????? Demos ???? ??????? ????
  people???? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????
  ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????
  Epizootic ??? ?????? Epiphytotic.
• ???? ?????? ??? ??? Epidemiology ???? ??????
  ?????? ????? ????? Outbreak?????? ????? ????? ???
  ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????
  ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????
  ??? ????? Epidemic Disease

?????????
3
???????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ???????

• 1 - ??? ????? ????? Sporadic Disease
• ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????
  ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????.
• 2 - ??? ????? Endemic Disease
• ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????
  ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????
  ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???
  ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????.
• 3 - ??? ???? ?? ????? Exotic Disease
• ?????? ???? ????? ??????? Endemic ?? ?? ?????
  ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???.

?????????
4
??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????

• ????? Epidemic Disease ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????
  ??????
• 1 ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????
  ???????
• 2 ?? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????
  ?? ???????? ???????
• 3 ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????.
• 4 ?? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???
  ??????? ?????? ????? ?????.
• 5 ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????
• 6 ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????
  ????? ?????

?????????
5
?????????????????

• ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??
  ????? ?????
• ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? Epidemic ???
  ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????
• ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???
  ????? ????? ??????? ???
• 1- Suscept
• 2-Pathogen
• 3- Environment

?????????
6
?????????
7
?????????
8
???? ??? ??? ???????
??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????
??? ??? ????? virulence ???? ??? ???????.
?????????
9

• ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??
  ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? 1924
  ???? Mills ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????
  ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???
  ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????
  ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????
  ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???
  ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?????
  ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????
  ????? ???? Monocyclic ?? Polycyclic ?? ??? 1969
  ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ((Database ???
  ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????
  ???????? ?? ??????? ????????.

?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????????
?????????
10
??? ??????? ????????? ??????

• ?? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????
  ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????
  ????????? IPM ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???
  ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????.

?????????
11
????? ????

• ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????
  ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? 150 ????? ????? ????
  ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? Irish Potato
  Famine ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????
  Phytophthora infestance ????? ??????? ?? ?????
  ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????
  ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????.

?????????
12

• ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????
  ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???
  ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????
  ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????
  ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????
  ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????
  ?????? ????? ????? ???

?????????
13

1. ????? ?? ???????
   Crop losses
2. ????? ?????
   Symptoms
3. ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????
   Pathogens biology and
   pathology
4. ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????
   Population genetics of the
   pathogen
5. ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????
   Epidemiology of the pathogen
   

?????????
14
6- ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? The significance
of sexual reproduction in the pathogen 7- ???
?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? Effect of
aerial envirnoment on the pathogen 8- ?????
?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????
Influence of host plant on the pathogen 9- ????
?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????
??????? Plant nutrition and disease predispostion
?????????
15

• ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????
  ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????
  ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??
  ????.?????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????
  ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??
  ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??
  ??????.

?????????