Emotion, Day 2

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Emotion, Day 2
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Emotion is Multifaceted

• Emotion refers to the mix of
• 1. Physiological Arousal
• 2. Expressive Behaviors (how you react to the
  physiological arousal)
• 3. Conscious Experience (how you cognitively
  interpret environment)

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Facial Expressions Are Universal

• No matter what part of the world you are from,
  facial expressions indicating 6 basic emotions
  tend to be universal.

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Facial Expressions Are Universal

• The six universal emotions are

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Why the Universality?

• Evolutionary Perspective would argue?

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Context Affects Interpretation of Facial
Expressions

• Because of the context, many interpret the bottom
  monster as fearful while seeing the top monster
  as angry even though they have the same facial
  expression.

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Cultural Differences In Emotion Expression
(Different Display Rules)

• Although the facial language is universal
  worldwide, cultures differ in how much emotion
  they express.
• Western cultures like North America often have
  intense, prolonged emotional displays while some
  Eastern cultures like Japan often hide their
  emotions, especially when the emotion is
  negative.

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Effects of Facial Expressions

• Do we smile because we are happy, or are we happy
  because we smile?
• There is an interplay between the emotion and our
  expression of it. The muscle contractions
  associated with emotions tend to amplify that
  emotion.

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Biology of Fear

• The bodys control center for learning/enacting
  fear is the amygdala.
• Loss or damage to ones amygdala has lead to
  fearlessness in some patients.

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Must Cognition Precede all Emotions?

• Some pathways, especially ones involving amygdala
  (fear), bypass cortical areas involved in
  thinking.
• Certain likes, dislikes, and fears do ignore
  conscious thinking.

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Two Routes to Emotion
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The Physical Arousal of Emotion is Controlled by
The Autonomic Nervous System

• It is very difficult to differentiate the
  physical arousal associated with many emotions
  (criticism of James-Lange Theory) even though
  they definitely feel different.
• The arousal associated with emotions are
  controlled by the autonomic nervous systems
  divisions the sympathetic and parasympathetic
  nervous systems.

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Autonomic Nervous Systems Division
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Can Measuring Arousal Detect Lies?

• Polygraph machine commonly used to in attempts
  to detect lies.
• Measures Physiological Responses to Emotion
  Including
• perspiration
• heart rate
• blood pressure
• breathing changes

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Questioning Process With The Lie Detector

• 1. Subject is asked a Control Question a type
  of question where you will give a truthful
  response (Is your birthday in May?)
• 2. Ask Relevant Question that you are interested
  in.
• Were you at the scene of the crime the day of the
  murder?
• If there is a bigger physiological reaction to
  the relevant question than the control question
  you are lying.

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What Arguments Do Critics Make Against the Lie
Detector?
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Accuracy of the Polygraph Is Between 70 95

• Is this a good level of accuracy?
• With 70 Accuracy
• Assume 5 of 1000 employees actually guilty
• test all employees
• 285 will be wrongly accused
• With 95 Accuracy
• Assume 1 in 1000 employees actually guilty
• test all employees (including 999 innocents)
• 50 wrongly declared guilty

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Polygraph Accuracy Study
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Detecting Emotion/Lies With Facial Expressions

• Paul Ekman (http//www.youtube.com/watch?vEXm6YbX
  xSYk) developed a system for classifying
  deception within emotional expression.
• With experience and training it is possible to
  detect microexpressions which indicate guilt,
  despair, and fear.
• Must play close attention to facial muscles which
  are nearly impossible to control.

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expressing emotion (http//www.youtube.com/watch?
vLp3ciwQl04U)
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The Emotion of Anger Is the Catharsis Theory
True?

• Catharsis refers to an emotional release. The
  hypothesis argues that releasing aggressive
  energy can relieve our aggressive urges.