Cities and Poverty Research

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Cities and Poverty Research

• City Economic Development Think-Tank
• 19 November 2002

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Project Structure
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Recognising Urban Poverty

• Urban Growth
• SA reflects global and regional trends in urban
  population growth
• The big picture is of consistent growth
• Within this there are different patterns in the
  rate, location and population that are growing

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Urban growth - race
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Urban growth - gender
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Urban growth - location
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Urbanisation of poverty

• Three main reasons for the urbanisation of
  poverty
• The natural growth of the poor population within
  cities
• Growing urban inequality
• Poor people moving to cities

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Who are the urban poor in SA

• If there is a typical face of poverty in South
  Africa then this picture is no longer only a
  rural women engaged in subsistence agricultural
  production. It is an HIV child living in an
  environmentally degraded informal settlement in a
  rapidly growing city - without services who is
  subjected to organised and household violence and
  is vulnerable to global economic and political
  trends.
• FS Mufamadi, Minister For Provincial and Local
  Government, SACN Launch 7 October 2002

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Who are the urban poor in SA?
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Who are the urban poor in SA?
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Poverty definition

• Poverty is more than a lack of income. Poverty
  exists when an individual or a households access
  to income, jobs and/or infrastructure is
  inadequate or sufficiently unequal to prohibit
  full access to opportunities in society. The
  condition of poverty is caused by a combination
  of social, economic, spatial, environmental and
  political factors.

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Poverty definition
Energy
Health
Crime
Unemployment
Literacy
Water
Income
Disability
Poverty
Gender
Housing
Environmental Health
Transport
Waste
CDI
Gini
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Recording and monitoring poverty

• Choose the appropriate indicators of urban
  poverty
• Select the correct scale
• Monitor vulnerable groups
• Identify sectoral weaknesses
• Use up-to-date, reliable data

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Choose the right indicator
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Select the right scale
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Identify vulnerable groups
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Making complex data useful

• Must be understood by all stakeholders
• Must be flexible - accommodate new data and
  refinement
• Must interface with other data e.g. budget,
  provincial data, community priorities etc.
• Must be authoritative - locally and
  internationally and internally and externally

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The City Development Index
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Customising the CDI for SA
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Customising the CDI for SA
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Customising the CDI for SA
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Customising the CDI for SA
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Customising the CDI for SA
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Gaps in the CDI

• Does not capture all dimensions of poverty
• Infrastructure heavy
• Not all locally specific poverty dynamics are
  addressed - e.g. segregation
• Key aspects of city development are not included

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Introducing SAPIC
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SAPIC and budget
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Introducing SAPIC
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Introducing SAPIC
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Introducing SAPIC
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Introducing SAPIC
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Introducing SAPIC
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Calculating quality of life indices
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Inequality indicators - Gini coefficients (Jhb -
Africans)
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Gender-related Development Index
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Poverty lines (eThekweni)
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Project Structure
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Responding and intervening
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Conclusion