The Cold War Unfolds

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The Cold War Unfolds

• Chapter 15
• Section 1

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Superpowers

• After WWII, the USA and the USSR emerged as
  superpowers nations stronger than other
  powerful nations
• Each created a military alliance made up of
  nations they protected or occupied
• The USA helped form the North Atlantic Treaty
  Organization (NATO), comprised of W. European
  allies

versus
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Warsaw PactIron Curtain

• USSR signed the Warsaw Pact with E. European
  countries
• The imaginary line between the democratic west
  and the communist East was called the Iron
  Curtain
• The Soviet Union crushed any revolts that
  challenged its supremacy in Eastern Europe

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Iron Curtain
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Arms Race

• Superpowers engaged in weapons race
• Both sides developed nuclear weapons
• To reduce the threat of war, the two sides held
  disarmament talks
• One agreement was intended to limit the use of
  anti-ballistic missiles (ABMs)
• ABMs were used to shoot down missiles launched by
  hostile nations

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Anti-Ballistic Missile
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Nuclear Missiles
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Trident Nuclear Missile Launch
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The MIRVed U.S. Peacekeeper missile, with the
re-entry vehicles highlighted in red
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A multiple independently targetable reentry
vehicle (MIRV) is a collection of nuclear weapons
carried on a single intercontinental ballistic
missile (ICBM) or a submarine-launched ballistic
missile (SLBM). Using a MIRV warhead, a single
launched missile can strike several targets, or
fewer targets redundantly. By contrast a unitary
warhead is a single warhead on a single missile.
Minuteman III MIRV launch sequence1. The
missile launches out of its silo by firing its
first stage boost motor (A).2. About 60 seconds
after launch, the 1st stage drops off and the
second stage motor (B) ignites. The missile
shroud is ejected.3. About 120 seconds after
launch, the third stage motor (C) ignites and
separates from the 2nd stage.4. About 180
seconds after launch, third stage thrust
terminates and the Post-Boost Vehicle (D)
separates from the rocket.5. The Post-Boost
Vehicle maneuvers itself and prepares for
re-entry vehicle (RV) deployment.6. The RVs, as
well as decoys and chaff, are deployed during
backaway.7. The RVs and chaff re-enter the
atmosphere at high speeds and are armed in
flight.8. The nuclear warheads detonate, either
as air bursts or ground bursts.
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Anti-Ballistic Missiles

• ABMs were considered a threat because they could
  give one side more protection, which might
  encourage it to attack
• During the 1980s, President Ronald Reagan
  proposed a missile defense program called Star
  Wars
• Other agreements limited the number of nuclear
  weapons that nations could maintain, which eased
  Cold War tensions

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Anti-Ballistic Missiles

• The easing of tensions was called the era of
  détente
• Détente is a relaxing of Cold War tensions during
  the 1970s
• Both superpowers were talking more with less
  direct hostile threats
• Détente ended, however, when the USSR invaded
  Afghanistan in 1979

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An artist's rendering of an X-ray laser hit an
incoming missile
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President Ronald Reagan
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Cuba and Fidel Castro

• During the 1950s, Fidel Castro led a revolution
  in Cuba and became the Cuban leader
• To bring down Cubas communist regime, U.S.
  President John F. Kennedy supported a CIA-backed
  invasion of Cuba (Bay of Pigs)(1961), but the
  invasion failed
• One year later, the Soviets shipped nuclear
  missiles to Cuba causing fear of a nuclear war

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Video Cuban Missile Crisis

• Watch this video!
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vXo8SMzM8X-U

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Proximity of Cuba to the United States90 miles
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Fidel Castro Dictator of Cuba
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Bay of Pigs(Bahía de Cochinos)
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President John F. Kennedy
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(No Transcript)
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Photos of Cuban Missile Sites Taken from U-2
Spyplane
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Cuba and Fidel Castro

• The world was on the brink of a nuclear war for
  thirteen days
• The U.S. navy blockaded Cuba with warships
• Finally, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed
  to remove the missiles
• The USA agreed to remove Jupiter nuclear missiles
  from Turkey

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Nikita Khrushchev
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Jupiter Missiles in Turkey
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Spreading Communism

• USSR wanted to spread communist ideology around
  the world
• When Khrushchev came to power, he eased
  censorship and increase tolerance
• However, repression returned under Leonid
  Brezhnev, the next Soviet leader
• American leaders pursued a policy of containment
• This was a strategy of keeping communism from
  spreading to other nations (to contain it)

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Leonid Brezhnev
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Red Scare

• A Red Scare in the USA resulted in Senator
  Joseph McCarthy leading an internal hunt for
  communists in the government and military
• The House (of Representatives) Un-American
  Activities Committee (HUAC) also sought out
  communist sympathizers
• People suspected of being communists were called
  to testify before a congressional committee as to
  their alleged activities in government, society,
  business, etc.

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Powerpoint Questions (13 points)

• 1. What were the United States and the Soviet
  Union called?
• 2 The two opposing military alliances were
  called ??? and ??? (2 points)
• 3. An imaginary line that divided Europe between
  democratic and communist countries was called the
  ???
• 4. What are ABMs? Describe.
• 5. What defense system did President Ronald
  Reagan propose in the 1980s?
• 6. A relaxation of tensions is called ???

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Powerpoint Questions (13 points)

• 7. What did the USSR do that nearly triggered a
  nuclear war in 1962?
• 8. Who was the leader of the Soviet Union during
  the Cuban Missile Crisis?
• 9. What tactic did the USA employ to respond to
  the crisis?

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Powerpoint Questions (13 points)

• 10. According to the video in this Powerpoint
  (slide 18), what secret agreement did Kennedy
  and Krushchev make regarding American missiles?
• 11. Who became the next leader of the USSR?
• 12. What was the Red Scare?

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The End