????(Criminal Justice):??????????

1
???????

• ????????
• ????????????

2

• ????(Criminal Justice)??????????
• ???????,?????????????????????
• ??????????(process) ??(model) ??(organization)
  ??(personnel) ??(policy)???(strategy)??
• ??????????????
• ?????????? ?? ?? ???
• ?????
• ?????
• ????????????

3
?????????

• 1.???(jurisdiction)???
• ??(?? ? ?) ? ???
• ?????????
• ??? ????
• 2.????????????????
• 3.????

4
????

• ???? ????,????17000???????????
• 1.???????????
• FBI
  U.S.Marshals
• DEA
  ATF
• Secret Service
  Tribal Police
• ???????????
• 2.??????????????(Highway Patrol)
• ???????????????
• ?????????????????(?????)?
• ????????? ???? ?????? ??????
• ??????????????

5

• 3.????????????,??? ????,???????????10?,????????
  ???????
• ???????????????,??????????
• ????(Sourcebook of Criminal Justice
  Statistics,1996),???????????80,??????10?
• 4.???????????
• ????????? ??(??)
• ?????????????

6
????

• 1.????
• ?????????9????,?????,????,????
• ????????11????(Circuits)??,?89????
• ???????????????,??????????
• 2.???
• ???????? ??????????
• ?????,???,??????
• ??????????,?????????????

7

• 3.????????????
• ?????????(?????),????????,???????????????
• ???????????????,??????
• 4.???????????????????
• ??????????,???????????????????????????(Drug
  Court)?
• ????????????????????

8
????

• ?????? ????????????
• 1.???
• ???????(U.S. Attorney)??????(Deputy
  U.S.Attorney),?????,????????
• ????????????????
• ??2300?????,??65000???(??25000??????)?
• ??????????????????

9

• 2.???
• ?????,?????? ????????????
• ????????,??????????,????????????????
• ?????????????,?????,?????????????????
• ??????????????????????,???????
• ???????????????????

10

• 3.??????
• ?????????? ??? ?? ????
• ?????
• A.??(arraignment)??????,???????????(indictme
  nt)?????
• B.??(trial)??????,?????????(convicted)?
• ??????????????

11
????

• ???,????(incarceration)?????(community
  supervision)?
• 1.??
• ????????????(jail),????3500????????
• ????jail??????,???????????????????????????
• ?????(prison)????????????,??????????????????????
  ??
• ???2000??,???????2100000??1990?????????6???????
  ????478?,1990??292?,??109???,?1695??????????

12

• 2.??????(probation)???(parole)?
• ?????????,????????,????????
• ??????????,??????
• 3.????(private correction)
• ???,??????????????????,????????,????????? ?
  ????1995???100?????,???40000??

13
???????

• 1.????????(Private Justice)
• ??????????????????????????Crime Stoppers
  Program?Neighborhood Watch Program?
• ?????????(Restorative Justice)???,???????????,??
  Dispute Resolution?Victim/Offender
  Mediation,Victims Bill of Rights?
• ??????

14

• 2.????????(Technological Justice)
• ????????????????????
• ????????????
• ??????????????
• ???????????????,CCTV,????????
• ????(Electronic monitoring)?????(Home
  Confinement)?
• ??????????????????(???????????????)