The English Revolution 1603-1688

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The English Revolution 1603-1688
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Objectives

• How did Luthers Reformation against a supreme
  authority a representation of the people in
  England
• Why did Parliament and the Stuart Monarchy clash
  in England?
• What role did religion play in the English
  Revolution?

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4 Phases of the English Revolution

1. Transition from the Tudor to the Stuart Monarchy
2. The English Commonwealth
3. The Stuart Restoration
4. The Glorious Revolution

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English Revolution
Puritan Vs Anglican
Parliament Vs King
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What is Parliament?
House of Lords
House of Commons
Upper House Made up of Church Clergy Nobles
granted Peerage
Lower House Elected Reps Larger in size
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What Gives Parliament its Power?

• 1215 The Magna Carta
• Limited the Monarchies power over his subjects
• Empowered Parliament to levy taxes
• The content of the document was not as important
  as its symbolism
• The people have the right usurp a King who does
  not support law

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What is a Puritan?

• The Reformation in England had not gone far
  enough
• Wanted to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic
  Ritual.
• Did not favor a split of the Anglican Church
• Separatists believed their differences were
  irreconcilable and left England for the
  Massachusetts Bay Colony

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I. House of Tudor to House of Stuart

• - Queen Elizabeth I Dies without an heir, 1603
• - James Stuart VI of Scotland succeeds to King
  James I of England beginning the Stuart Dynasty

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A. King James I Stuart Dynasty (1603-1625)

1. A devout Catholic
2. Created the King James Bible
3. Called Queen James behind his back
4. Refused to help Protestants during the 30 years
   war in Europe
5. Refused to remove Catholic ritual from Anglican
   Church
6. Believed in the Divine Right of Kings

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What is Divine Right of Kings?

• Read the Document individually, then answer the
  first summary question
• Remember to use Reading Techniques and strategies
• Next, Get into a pair and answer the subsequent
  questions

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B. Charles I (1625-1649)

• Catholic Son of James I
• Believed in the Divine Right of Kings
• Quarreled with Parliament constantly
• Imprisoned people who refused to loan him money
• Signed the Petition of Right in order to get
  money from Parliament

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a. The Petition of Right

• Charles needed money, Parliament refused to act
  unless Charles I signed this document
• The King could not imprison a person without
  consent or house soldiers in a persons home
  without consent
• Charles could not collect taxes without
  Parliaments approval
• Charles dismissed Parliament after signing it

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6. Charles VS Parliament

• Charles persecution of Puritans and abuse of the
  judicial system led to a deteriorating
  relationship with Parliament.
• Charles needed more money to invade Scotland,
  Parliament refused
• Charles imprisoned members of Parliament who
  refused to vote for tax increases, violating the
  Petition of Right
• 1642, Parliament begins raising an army as the
  king has violated the petition of right

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Brief Review

• Why did parliament and James I clash?
• Why did parliament and Charles I clash?
• What is the Divine Right of Monarchy?
• What is the Petition of Right?
• Why did Parliament take up arms against the King?
  Were they justified?

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II. The English Commonwealth

• Reading The English Commonwealth

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III. Stuart Restoration (1660)

• Following Cromwells death, many longed for a
  return to monarchy

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B. Charles II (1660-1685)

• Parliament invited Charles II, Son of Charles I,
  to come back to England
• He accepted the invitation on the condition that
  the regicides be put to death
• He accepted the Magna Carta, Petition of Right
  and religious toleration
• Kept his religious views to himself

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C. James II (1685-1688)

• Brother of Charles II
• advocated tolerance for Catholics.
• placed Catholics in important positions
• Parliament tolerated him since he was old and his
  daughters Mary and Anne were Protestant

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IV. The Glorious Revolution of 1688

• In 1688 James II had a new son who was to be
  raised Catholic
• 1. Parliament did not want a Catholic Monarchy
• B. Parliament invited Mary, daughter of James,
  and her Dutch Protestant Husband William of
  Orange to assume the Throne.
• James II fled to France.
• W MS reign marked the supremacy of Parliament
  because now monarchs ruled with the consent of
  Parliament and not Divinity.
• William and Mary signed the English Bill of
  rights