Realism, Regionalism, Naturalism

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Realism, Regionalism, Naturalism

• 1850-1914
• Tough times all over

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Division, Reconciliation, and Expansion
(1850-1914)

• Division North vs South women vs men
• Reconciliation post-Civil War
• Expansion Westward expansion

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Does this make any sense??

• Westward expansion was boosted by _completion__.

Whats the matter with the sentence above?
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• 1805-1914 was a time of _change/transformation_
  for the U.S. America changed from a mostly
  _agricultural___ nation to the _modern__
  __industrial___ nation we know today.
• Historical Background
• Prelude to __War___________
• The North and South had developed along _very__
  _different___ lines. The __Industrial__
  _Revolution___ and cheap _transportation__ had
  helped turn northern towns into centers of
  bustling activity. __Immigration__, too, was
  changing the face of the North. The South was a
  __slower___ paced region of _plantations__ and
  small _farms___. The one issue that affected the
  South was __slavery__________.

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Slavery
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Slavery
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• List four to six events that took slavery from an
  issue of disagreement to a cause for war
• 1. Fugitive Slave Act 1850
• 2. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
• 3. Uncle Toms Cabin published 1852
• 4. John Browns raid on arsenal at Harpers Ferry
  1859
• 5. Lincolns election 1860
• 6. South Carolina and 5 other states secede 1861
• The Union is Dissolved
• People along both sides anticipated a _short__
  war _ending__ in __victory___. The war lasted
  ___4_ long years, with _many/over 1 million___
  casualties the South lay in _ruins_____.

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Civil War1861-1864
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• An _Expanding_____ America
• _Change____ characterized the years following the
  Civil War. The _Homestead__ __Act (1862)__
  shifted westward movement into high gear. Half a
  million farmers, including tens of thousands of
  _freed__ _African____ _Americans___ claimed land
  in the West. _Miners___ went west by the
  thousands, lured by _gold_____. Westward
  expansion was boosted by _railroads____.
•  
• The Disappearing __Frontier_______
• The frontier may have _disappeared___, but its
  legacy lived on in a rich western __folk____
  _tradition______.

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Westward expansion
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Westward expansion
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• A Changing American Society
• With _electricity_____ in the 1880s, the second
  Industrial Revolution began in earnest.
• List three positive aspects and four negative
  aspects of city life
• 1. public transportation 1. dirty, polluted
  cities
• 2. department stores 2. disease
• 3. electric lights 3. crowding/traffic
  jams
• 4. noise

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Industrial Revolution
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• Industrial and urban growth was also fueled by
  _immigration__. In the last twenty years of the
  19th century, U.S. population went from _50mil__
  to _76mil_. Urban/city population growth came
  from both _Europe/immigration___ and people
  moving from _rural__ _southern__ _towns__. This
  influx provided _cheap_ __labor___ for industry.

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Industrial Revolution
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• Describe (with two specifics) an industrial
  workers financial situation
• Even with adults working, they couldnt afford
  more than a tiny apartment often children had to
  go to work to help financially
• Small, dark, unventilated apartments led to
  rampant disease

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Industrial Revolution
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• The owners of industrial corporations, in
  contrast to their employees, made _fortunes___
  and lived like _kings___. Because the nations
  prosperity was not benefiting the majority of the
  people, _discontentment__ grew. _Women__,
  _African_ _Americans___, and __workers___ sought
  changes in their social, _economic___ and
  _political___ status. Women still did not have
  _voting___ rights, and African Americans were not
  much better off in 1914 than they were in 1850,
  despite __emancipation__.

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Poverty
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Womens Rights
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• Literature of the Period
• Oh, _Freedom_____!
• One of the great black abolitionist leaders was
  _Frederick Douglass_. After escaping slavery, he
  became a persuasive _orator____ against
  _slavery___.
• Wartime Voices
• The primary record of personal experiences of the
  war is from _diaries__, _letters__, _journals___
  and _speeches____.
• Frontier _Voices_______
• As America expanded _westward__, so did
  _Americas _ _literature_. During this time a
  number of writers represented the __West_______
  for the first time.
• List three authors who wrote about the frontier
• 1. Bret Harte
• 2. Willa Cather
• 3. Mark Twain

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• Realism and _Naturalism_____
• The _harsh____ _reality_____ of frontier life,
  coupled with artists reactions to the Civil War
  gave rise to a new _movement_____ in American
  literature called _Realism__. _Realism___ in
  literature began __after___ the Civil War. The
  wars enormous cost in human life shattered the
  nations _idealism/innocence__. Turning away
  from Romanticism (the writing style before the
  war), writers began to focus on portraying
  _real___ _life___ as _ordinary___ __people__
  lived it. They attempted to show characters and
  events in an _honest____, _objective____, almost
  factual way.

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• An important literary offshoot of Realism was
  _Naturalism____. Naturalist authors also
  depicted real people in real situations, but they
  believed _forces__ _larger__ _than_ _the____
  _individual______ shaped peoples individual
  destiny. _Jack___ _London____ set much of his
  fiction in Alaska where the environment was
  _cruel___ and _unforgiving____. If these
  writers reality seemed always to be a harsh one,
  it was because _hardship____ influenced their
  art. The _war___, the frontier, and increasingly
  _cities_____ were harsh places in reality that
  influenced the writers of the time.

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• Literature of _Discontent_______
• The social problems that grew out of
  _industrialization__ were exposed by many
  talented authors. Kate Chopin wrote about
  __womens____ desire for _equality____ and
  __independence____. Naturalists saw
  _industrialization___ as a force against which
  individuals were _powerless____. By 1914 America
  had grown up and American _literature___ had,
  too. The Civil War, the closing of the frontier,
  and _industrialization____ brought about a
  _loss____ of _innocence____, a shift from
  _idealism____ to _pragmatism_____ in the American
  character. American writers reflected this
  change in rejecting _Romanticism___ and
  __embracing____ Realism.

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• Romanticism (previous time period)

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• Realism, etc.