Ka? ????? ?a???d??

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???, ???????

• Ka? ????? ?a???d??

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G????? ?????????S????

• ???tta????? µ??f??
• ????da µ?t??s?? ?a??µet??
• Ge?et??? ????? µ?sa se pept?d??? pe??ß??µa
  (?a??d??, s????? ?a??µe??d???) µe ? ????? ???t??
• ???t?? ? µa?d?a?f?sf???p?d??? d?p??st?ß?da ap?
  µeµß???e? t?? ?e??st? µe p??te??e? t?? ?????
  µetaß???sµ??
• ?p???e?t??? e?d???tta???? pa??s?ta
• ????? e?e?d??e?s? ?e??st?
• ???µa ap? as???e?a/e?e???t?/t?p? ap?µ???s??
• ?? ??? t?? ßa?t?????f???? ? ßa?t????f????

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G????? ?????????S????

• ????? p??te????? pe??ß??µa
• S??µae????e?d?? ? p?????????
• ?? ??? t?? ???? ????a??e? ? e???saed????
  sfa????? µ??f?
• ??a??e? p??te?????? p??e?ß???? ??a d?e??????s?
  p??s?????s??
• ?a?t????f???????? e????e?d??? s?µµet??a?

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1500 B.C. Egyptian carving showinga priest with a
shrivelled leg,characteristic of recovery
fromparalysis caused by the polio virus.
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1157 B.C The Pharaoh Ramses V died of smallpox.
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G??????? ?????

• ????tµ?t? ????d??µa, s???? ?a???a ???? s?µ?t??
  de? f??e? ??a ta tµ?µata?e??????? DNA(??aµµ??? ?
  ???????) ? RNA(??aµµ???) µ???????? ? d??????
• ???????? ???? BALTIMOREI.??????? DNA (??? Adeno,
  ??? Herpes, ??? Pox)II ????????? DNA (???
  Parvo) III ??????? RNA (??? Reo, ??? Birna)
  IV ????????? RNA (??? Picornas, ??? Toga)V
  ????????? RNA (??? Orthomyxo, ??? Rhabdo)VI
  ????????? RNA µe e?d??µes? DNA st?? ????? ????
  (??? Retro) VII ??????? DNA µe e?d??µes? RNA
  (??? Hepadna)

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DNA Virus Family Examples (common names) Group
Adenoviridae Adenovirus (????? ????????µa)hepatitis virus I
Papillomaviridae Papillomavirus I
Parviviridae Parvovirus B19, Canine parvovirus II
Herpesviridae Herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus (e??efa??t?da se ?e????), Epstein-Barr virus (???µ?d?? µ???p?????s?) I
Poxviridae Smallpox virus (e??????) I
6.Hepadnaviridae Hepatitis B virus VII
7.P?lyomaviridae Polyoma virus JC virus (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy) I
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RNA IOI
RNA Virus Family Examples (common names) Group
Reoviridae Reovirus, Rotavirus a?ap?e?st??? ?a? ?ast?e?te???? p??ß??µata se pa?d?? III
Picornaviridae Enterovirus(t??f?µa, ?e??) Hepatovirus, Poliovirus, Coxackivirus ( µ?????t?da, µ??pe??t???t?da) IV
Caliciviridae Norwalkvirus, Hepatitis E virus IV
Togaviridaee Rubella virus IV
Arenaviridae Meningitis virus V
Flavdaeiviviri Dengue virus and yellow fever virus(??????p? Aedes aegyptii) Hepatitic C virus, IV
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RNA VIRUSES
RNA Virus Family Examples (common names) Group
Orthomyxoviridae Influenzavirus A, B,C, V
Paramyxoviridae Measles virus, Mumps virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, V
Retroviridae HIV V
Rhabdoviridae Rabies virus (??ssa), ?a? af??d?? st?µat?t?da V
Coronaviridae Ebola virus V
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???????G??? ?O?

• ??apt?ss??ta? se t??ß??a µe ?a??????e?e?
  ßa?t????? ?a? s??µat????? p???e?

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???????G??? ?O?

• ?a??????e?a se eµß???f??a a???
• ??ta?

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????ap?as?asµ?? t?? ???

• ???
• ????sµat??????? (??s???????) ?????
• ????sµat??? (??t????) ?????
• F????
• ??t??? ?????
• ??s????? ?????

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????ap?as?asµ?? t?? ???

• ????sµat???? ??????
• ???s??f?s?
• ??e?sd?s?
• ?pe?e?????s? ap? p??te??? e?s?d?? st?? p????a
• ????µ? µeta??af? t?? DNA se RNA ??a pa?a????
  e???µ?? e?t?? ?a? s???????? ???d?? t??? e?t??
  p????a
• ???µ? µeta??af? se p???? a?t???afa-???d??

• ????sµat???????? ??????
• ???s??f?s?
• ??e?sd?s?
• ??s?µ?t?s? ?e?et???? ?????? (e?t?? ? e?t??
  ???µ?s?µat??)p??f????
• ?p? s?????e? µeta??af? µet?f?as?
• ??t???? ??????

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HIV VIRAL REPLICATION INTO HOST
CELLhttp//www.youtube.com/watch?vHhhRQ4t95OIf
eaturerelated
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Double-stranded DNA, nonenveloped viruses
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Double-stranded DNA, nonenveloped viruses
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Double-stranded DNA, nonenveloped viruses
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Single-stranded RNA, strand, nonenveloped
Hepatitis E virus Norovirus (Norwalk agent)
causes gastroenteritis
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Single-stranded RNA, strand, nonenveloped
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Single-stranded RNA, two RNA strands, produce
DNA
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??????a

• ???t?ta?t?p??????a? µe t?? sp????d?
  e??efa??p??e?a
• ?a?a?t???st???
• ?p??e?a e?????? ????se??
• ?a????s?
• ???efa??t?da
• ?atast??f? ?e??????
• ?d?? µet?d?s??
• ???f?µa, ?e??????e?a, µetaµ?s?e?se??, ???????µ???
• ???????µ???t?ta

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?? e??a? ta p?????a

• In 1967 Tikvah Alper ( Hammersmith Hospital)
  e?t?p?se p??t?? s?µat?d?a p?? µet?d?da? sp????d?
  e??efa??p??e?a p?? de? pe??e??a? ?????e??? ???a.
• ????????se ? s?s??t?s? µe ß??????a.
• 1982 Stanley Prusiner (UCSF) ape?de??e te???? t??
  ap??s?a ?????e???? ????? ?a? t?? a?t??? se
  d?ad??as?e? p?? ta ?atast??f???
• Nobel Prize in 1997.

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PrPc
PrPSc
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?a??µet??? µet?d?s??

• ? ?e??st?? p??pe? ?a ??e? ?a d?a??te? µ?a
  a?a?????s?µ? ??tta???? ??s? (PrPc) ??a t?
  s???e???µµ??? p??????
• ??e? s?µas?a ? ste?? f????e??t??? s??s? ?e??st?-
  p???????. ??te ta s?µpt?µata a??????? ta??te?a.
• ?e? ?s??e? apa?a?t?ta ? ?????a t?? µ???sµat????
  d?s??

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?s???e?e? ap? p?????a

• ??a
• Sp????d?? e??efa??p??e?a ß??e?d??
• Scrapie p??ßata, ?ats??e?
• ???efa??p??e?a µes? ?a?a?t??
• ??s?? e?af???
• ?????p??
• Kuru
• Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD)
• Fatal familial insomnia (FFI)
• Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome (GSS)