World War I

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World War I

• By
• Andrew Lee
• Jake Weitz

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Geography
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Geographical Changes

• Alsace-Lorraine returned to France
• Poland created out of Germany and Russia
• Austria-Hungary dissolved and became two separate
  powers again
• Czechoslovakia becomes independent from
  Austria-Hungary
• Several Balkan states banded together to create
  Yugoslavia

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Causes of WWI

• Militarism
• Alliances
• Imperialism
• Nationalism

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Militarism

• "Arms race" Because Britain had a large navy,
  Germany wanted a large navy too.
• Germany and France competed to build larger
  armies.
• Many nations introduced universal conscription
  (the draft), even in times of peace.
• For reasons of prestige and self-defense, the
  more one nation built up its army and navy, the
  more other nations felt they had to do the same.

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Alliances

• Triple Entente (UK, France, Russia) would
  eventually become the Allies
• Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy)
  would turn into the Central Powers
• Alliances were formed in hopes of promoting peace
• Each country would be protected by others in case
  of war, making it foolish for one country to wage
  war on another.

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Imperialism

• European nations ruled smaller nations called
  colonies and competed with one another to amass
  more.
• Purpose of imperialism was to build up national
  wealth and influence by owning colonies.
• Global competition for land caused many conflicts
  and confrontations.

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Nationalism

• Nationalism is taking pride of one's country
• The belief that one's own nation or culture is
  superior to all others led to the competition of
  building the largest army and navy
• Gave subjected people the idea of forming
  independent nations

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Balkans

• Immediate cause of WWI
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was
  assassinated by Serbian revolutionary group, The
  Black Hand
• Austria declares war on Serbia after Serbia does
  not comply with ultimatums

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Important players

• Archduke Franz Ferdinand assasination caused WWI
• Nicholas II Russian tsar who committed to the
  defense of Serbia
• Wilhelm II German kaiser during the Great War

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Major Battles

• Sept 5, 1914 - Battle of the Marne (first battle
  to use trench warfare)
• April 22, 1914 - The Second Battle of Ypres
  (Germans first use poison gas)
• July 1, 1915 - Battle of the Somme (first battle
  to use tanks)
• July 15, 1918 - The Second Battle of the Marne
  (signified the end of the war)

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Intellectual

• People no longer believe in the glorious nature
  of war
• Dulce et decorum est - poem by Wilfred Owen
  exposing the true horrors of war.
• Disillusionment - people believed the world would
  be better after the war concluded but realized
  there were more problems.
• "Lost Generation" - believed life was ultimately
  meaningless

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Dulce et decorum ets
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Religion

• Religion did not play a huge factor in WW1
• Majority of the population at this time were
  Christian.
• Battles were fought for political reasons not
  religious.

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Art

• End of the age of romanticism
• Art of this time reflected post-war uncertainty
  as well as creativity
• Sigmund Freud's ideas about the subconscious mind
  influenced a new artistic movement called
  Surrealism
• Pablo Picasso invents cubism

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Technology

• Machine gun is invented
• Chemical warfare is introduced with poison gas
• Trench warfare is utilized
• Barbed wire invented to slow down the enemy.
• Tanks are created in response to the barbed wire

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Life in the trenches

• Life in the trenches was dirty and hot
• Many diseases were easily spread
• Rat and lice infestations
• Constant smell of rotting flesh

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Economic

• War left many countries economically devastated
• Much land that was fought on was destroyed
• Countries that fought in the war focused industry
  on weapons and war technology making it hard to
  transition back to production of consumer goods
  after the war.

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Social

• The war was terribly destructive causing the
  deaths of ten million soldiers and roughly the
  same number of civilians.
• Workplaces and homes were also destroyed.
• During the war, women replaced men in factory and
  office jobs. After the war, many women kept their
  jobs and demanded voting rights.
• Labor unions had supported the war effort. This
  support paid off after the war as labor unions
  earned new respect and importance.
• In Russia, the war resulted in two revolutions
  which ended with a new communist state called the
  Soviet Union.

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Treaty of Versailles

• In 1919, the Allies met in Versailles, France to
  consider the Fourteen Points. The European Allies
  did not agree with Wilson. They wanted to punish
  Germany. The terms of the treaty follow
• 1. Alsace-Lorraine would become French territory
  again.
• 2. Poland would receive land from Germany and be
  independent.
• 3. Germany would lose all its overseas colonies.
• 4. France would control all the coal mined from
  Germanys Saar Basin for 15 years.
• 5. Germany would huge reparations (money) for war
  damages.
• 6. Germany would have to disband its army to no
  more than 100,000 soldiers.
• 7. Germany would demilitarize the Rhineland.
• 8. Germany would take full blame for the war
  the war guilt clause.
• 9. A League of Nations would be established to
  prevent future wars.

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FRQ

• 1
• What, politically, morally, and socially caused
  the shift of art to Modernism during and after
  World War I and what were those artists trying to
  represent?

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• Thesis The constant nagging of an authority
  figure that does not quite know what is going on,
  the decay of what good and evil meant and
  continued to mean and the war went on, and the
  disillusionment of thousands of now dead poets
  led to the absurdity in art.
• Body One
• - Horrors of war leading to "shell shock"
• - Absurdity and futility of trench warfare
• - Life sucked
• Body Two
• - Morals faded away
• - War no longer has glory
• Body Three
• - The youth were raised with death and gore
• - They experienced very dark, traumatic things

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FRQ 1

• 2
• Why was Germany able to put up such a good fight
  and win so many battles against a foe that so
  outnumbered it?

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• Thesis With trench warfare giving them a deeply
  dug-in position, new technology, and a war that
  strategically favored the defending side, Germany
  had it's advantages even though it seemed like a
  sure loss.
• Body 1
• - Trench warfare allowed Germany to stability
  keep a position
• - Gas helped them keep the enemy at bay
• - Couldn't move an inch, wouldn't give an inch
• Body 2
• - Rapid and strong shelling to accurate
  positions
• - Aircraft to get accurate reconnaissance
• -Machine guns to mow down enemies by the
  hundreds
• Body 3
• - Machine guns could cut people down in No Man's
  Land
• - Could siege the cities that it wanted to take

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Timeline

• June 28th, 1914 - Francis Ferdinand assassinated
  at Sarajevo
• July 28th, 1914 - Austria declares war on Serbia
  starting WW1
• May 7th, 1915 - The "Lusitania" is sunk by German
  U-boats
• February 1st, 1917 - Germany starts unrestricted
  warfare
• April 6th, 1917 - U.S. declares war on Germany
• March 3rd, 1918 - Treaty of Brest- Litovsk signed
  between Russia and Germany
• July 15th, 1918 - Second Battle of the Marne
  started.
• November 11th, 1918 - Germany signs armistice
  with Allies ending WW1
• June 28th, 1918 - The treaty of Versailles is
  signed by the Germans

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• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v_XPZQ0LAlR4