The Russian Revolution

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The Russian Revolution

• Chapter 30
• Mrs. Cohen

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Russia-Review
Russia Under the Czars
Byzantine Influence
Mongol Rule
Boyars
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Todays Special Russian Revolution! Ingredients
Czarist Rule Russo-Japanese War World War I Urban
Workers Peasant Unrest Ideas of Marx Leadership
of Lenin Bloody Sunday
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The Romanov's

• Autocracy-ruler has unlimited power
• Resistance to Change

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Alexander II 1856-1881

• Moves Russia toward modernization and social
  change
• Freed serfs
• Redistributed land

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Alexander III 1881-1894

• Censorship
• Secret Police
• Political Prisoners
• Pogroms-Jews

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Nicholas II Alexandra 1894-1917

• Economic Growth
• Trans-Siberian Railway
• Growth of revolutionary movements Why?
• Russo-Japanese War (1905)
• 1914 Russia enters WWI

(Nicholas War )
(Russo-Japanese War 123)
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Rasputin
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Rasputin

• Self-proclaimed holy man
• Mysterious healing powers-Seemed to be the only
  person who could heal the heir to the throne
  (hemophilia)
• To show gratitude Czarina allowed him to make key
  political decisions
• Murder 1916 by a group of nobles who feared his
  increasing role in government affairs

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Bloody SundayJanuary 22, 1905
Bloody Sunday 112

• St. Petersburg-Czars Winter Palace
• 200,000 workers gathered asking for better
  working conditions
• Czars generals fired on the unarmed crowd
• More than 1,000 were wounded and several hundred
  killed

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• Impact of Bloody Sunday

• Why were Russians outraged?
• Led to creation of the Duma-Russias first
  Parliament
• Dumas intent-Move Russia towards Constitutional
  Monarchy such as Britain.
• Czar dissolved after 10 weeks. Why?

   
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The March Revolution
(1905 Factory Strike 102)
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The March Revolution

• March, 1917
• 200,000 workers called for the Czar to step down
• Soldiers sided with the protesters-created
  general uprising
• Czar Nicholas steps down
• A year later revolutionaries murder Czar and
  family-end of 300 year czarist rule
• Duma creates provisional government

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Lenin Marxism-ideology that followed ideas of
Karl Marx. Main idea working class
(proletariat) would overthrow the Czar and the
working class would rule. Exiled to
Germany-Studies Marxism Returns to
Russia-1917 Leader of Bolsheviks-Bolsheviks a
radical revolutionary group who were willing
to sacrifice everything for change Motto
Peace, Land, Bread
Lenin the Bolsheviks 226
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Bolshevik RevolutionA.K.A. The November
Revolution

• November 1917-armed factory workers overthrew
  provisional government
• Within days, Lenin and Bolsheviks seized power
• Lenin redistributed all farmland to the peasants
• The Bolshevik Government signed a truce with
  Germany and began peace talks

Lenin Takes Control 501
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Russian Civil War

• Upset Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed which gave
  Germany a large chunk of Russian territory.
  Angered Russian citizens and factions developed
  (one for reestablishment of Czar others for
  Bolsheviks)
• 14 million Russians died
• 3 year engagement
• Bolsheviks win-Red Army

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Civil War
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Changes
Lenins Rebuilding of Russia 236

• Lenin restores Russian economy (NEP New Economic
  Policy)
• Rename Bolsheviks the Communist Party
• Rename Russia-USSR (Soviet Union)
• Lenin has stroke (1922)
• Power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Joseph
  Stalin
• Stalin wins and rules as dictator

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Check Point
Working Conditions
Rise of Bolsheviks
The Russian Revolution
Poverty
Land
Social Structure
WWI
Czarist Rule
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Stalin and Communist Dictatorship
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State Control of Individuals
Ideology

• Sets goals of the state
• Glorifies aims of the state
• Justifies govt. actions

• Demands loyalty
• Denies basic liberties
• Excepts personal sacrifice for good of state

Dynamic Leader
Methods of Enforcement

• Unites people
• Symbolizes govt.
• Encourages popular support through force of will

• Police terror
• Indoctrination
• Censorship
• Persecution

TOTALITARIANISM
Modern Technology
Dictatorship One-Party Rule
State Control of Society

• Mass communication spread propaganda
• Advanced military weapons

• Exercises absolute authority
• Dominates the govt.

• Business -Youth Groups
• Labor - Arts
• Housing -Personal Life
• Education -Religion

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JOSEPH STALIN

• Rise to Power
• Between 1922 and1927 worked his way to head of
  govt. Used ruthless tactics.
• Gets rid of rival Trotsky
• Builds a totalitarian state
• Women gain equal rights

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• Totalitarian- total, centralized control over
  every aspect of public and private life.

• 5 Year Plans- plans to increase HEAVY industry-
  quotes too high leads to shortages!

• Collective Farms Cause resistance among Kulaks
  (wealthy farmers) but SOME increase in
  agriculture

• Great Purge 1934- eliminates anyone who
  threatens his power- uses terror.

Stalin

• Forced Famine in Ukraine- crush resistance to
  collectivization- 7-10 million die!

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Stalins Legacy

• By the mid-1930s, Stalin transformed the Soviet
  Union into a political and industrial giant.
• He stood unopposed as dictator of his
  totalitarian state
• Total social control was achieved by terror
• Goes down in history as one of the worlds worst
  tyrants (kills millions of Russians whom he sees
  as a threat)
• Many believe that Stalin was paranoid-schizophreni
  c

Stalin 2128
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Imperial Russia's social structure derided in an
anonymous cartoon of 1900 issued by the Union of
Russian Socialists.
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The Tsar, the Priest and the Rich Man on the
Shoulders of the Labouring People, coloured
lithograph by A. Apsit, 1918. The heavy burden on
the Labouring People shows clearly in this poster
from 1918.   By this time the war (WWI) had
really messed up the food supply.  Soldiers were
fighting, and not tending the land, and a lot of
property and supplies were burnt in the war
effort.  In addition, the transportation system
was lacking.
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