THE WARTIME ECONOMIES

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THE WARTIME ECONOMIES

• CHAPTER 11.3

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THE WARTIME ECONOMIES

• SOUTHERN ECONOMY IN THE SOUTH FOOD SHORTAGES
  OCCURRED
• 1. COLLAPSE OF THE SOUTHS
• TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
• 2. PRESENCE OF UNION TROOPS IN MANY
• AGRICULTURAL REGIONS
• 3. SHORTAGES HURT THE SOUTHERN MORALE
• AND LED TO RIOTS

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THE WARTIME ECONOMIES

• NORTHERN ECONOMY ECONOMIC BOOM B/C OF WAR
• 1. INCREASED USE OF MECHANICAL
• REAPERS AND MOWERS MADE FARMING
• POSSIBLE WITH FEWER WORKERS
• 2. WOMEN ENTERED THE WORKFORCE TO
• FILL LABOR SHORTAGES
• 3. THE NORTH PRODUCED AN ABUNDANCE OF
  
• CLOTHES FOR ITS SOLDIERS ?
  CLOTHING
• INDUSTRY PROFITED FROM GOVT.
• CONTRACTS

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AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE MILITARY

• AFRICAN AMERICANS WERE OFFICIALLY ALLOWED TO
  ENLIST IN THE UNION ARMY AND NAVY AS A RESULT OF
  THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
• THOUSANDS OF AFRICAN AMERICANS JOINED THE
  MILITARY
• MANY THOUGHT THAT BY JOINING THE MILITARY IT
  WOULD HELP END DISCRIMINATION
• 54TH MASACHUSETTS FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN
  REGIMENT OFFICIALLY ORGANIZED IN THE NORTH

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54TH MASACHUSETTS
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MILITARY LIFE

• BOTH UNION AND CONFEDERATE SUFFERED HARDSHIPS
• FOOD WAS TASTELESS AND OFTEN SCARCE
• UNION SOLDIERS ATE HARDTACK (HARD BISCUIT MADE OF
  WHEAT FLOUR)

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BIVOUAC
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MILITARY LIFE

• DOCTORS
• 1. HUGE NUMBERS OF CASUALTIES
• 2. DID NOT UNDERSTAND INFECTIOUS
• GERMS ? INFECTION SPREAD
• QUICKLY IN FIELD HOSPITALS
• 3. SMALLPOX AND PNEUMONIA
• SPREAD TO CIVIL WAR SOLDIERS
• 4. ARMS AND LEGS OF WOUNDED
• SOLDIERS WERE AMPUTATE TO
• PREVENT GANGRENE AND OTHER
• INFECTIONS

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MILITARY LIFE

• WOMEN IN THE CIVIL WAR
• 1. MANAGE FAMILY FARMS AND BUSINESS
• 2. NURSES TO THE WOUNDED
• A. ELIZABETH BLACKWELL FIRST
  FEMALE PHYSICIAN IN THE U.S. WHO STARTED THE
  FIRST TRAINING PROGRAM FOR NURSES ? LAID THE
  FOUNDATION FOR THE U.S. SANITARY COMMISSION
  (PROVIDED MEDICAL ASSISTANCE AND SUPPLIES TO ARMY
  CAMPS AND HOSPITALS)
• 3. CLARA BARTON NURSED SOLDIERS ON
  THE BATTLEFIELD ? LAID THE FOUNDATION FOR THE RED
  CROSS IN THE U.S.

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BLACKWELL BARTON
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MILITARY LIFE

• P.O.W.S
• 1. AT FIRST THE UNION AND THE SOUTH
  HAD A FORMAL EXCHANGE OF PRISONERS
• 2. AFTER THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
  ? THE SOUTH REFUSED TO RECOGNIZE AFRICAN
  AMERICANS AS FREE AND STOPPED EXCHANGING THEM FOR
  WHITE SOLDIERS
• 3. IN RESPONSE, LINCOLN STOPPED ALL
  PRISONER EXCHANGES
• 4. ANDERSONVILLE SOUTHWEST GA ?
  POOR CONDITIONS (NO SHADE OR SHELTER FOR ITS HUGE
  POPULATION), EXPOSURE, OVERCROWDING, LACK OF
  FOOD,
• AND DISEASE) ? THOUSANDS DIE
• ? HENRY WIRZ (COMMANDANT) IS
• THE ONLY PERSON EXECUTED FOR WAR
• CRIMES DURING THE C.W.

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• - Prisoner of War Camps
•  
•  
• Andersonville Civil War Prison, located in the
  village of Andersonville, Sumpter County,
  Georgia, became notorious for its overcrowding,
  starvation, disease, and cruelty.  It was in
  operation from February 1864 to April 1865.
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• Andersonville Prison was established as a
  "stockade for Union enlisted men".  The prison
  consisted of 27 acres and was enclosed with walls
  made of pine logs, which stood 15-20 feet high. 
  The "stockade" held a hospital but no barracks
  were ever constructed for the prisoners. 
  Originally intended to hold 10,000 men,
  Andersonville at one time held over 33,000 men. 
  According to records, a total of 49,485 prisoners
  went through the gates of Andersonville Prison.
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• Prisoners suffered from hunger, disease, medical
  shortages, and exposure.  The death rate at
  Andersonville was the highest of all Civil War
  prisons.  A staggering 13,700 men died within
  thirteen months!
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• The superintendent of the prison was Captain
  Henry Wirz.  It is said he was heartless and
  high-handed.  John L. Ransom, a Michigan sergeant
  and Andersonville prisoner, wrote in his diary on
  May 10, 1864  "Captain Wirz very domineering and
  abusive, is afraid to come into camp any more.  A
  thousand men here would willingly die if they
  could kill him first.  The worst man I ever
  saw."  Captain Wirz was tried and hanged by a
  military court after the war.
•