Bright Lights on the Horizon

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Bright Lights on the Horizon

• Future Perspectives for
• Nuclear Resonant Scattering of
• Synchrotron Radiation

Ralf Röhlsberger HASYLAB _at_ DESY, Hamburg, Germany

• The Evolution of Brilliance
• Upgrade of Existing Sources
• Construction of New Sources
• PETRA III and the XFEL

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Evolution of Brilliance
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PETRA-III Upgrade
http//www-hasylab.desy.de/facility/upgrade/main.h
tm
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Schedule

• Submission of the Technical Design Report March
  2004
• Selection of the phase I beamlines early Summer
  2004
• Start of beamline RD, prototyping mid 2004
• Start of detailed beamline planning end
  2004/2005 ? user workshops on detailed beamline
  design
• Start of component production 2006
• Start of reconstruction mid 2007
• Installation of first beamlines mid 2008
• Start of user operation 2009

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PETRA III - Facts and Figures
Storage Ring
Particle energy 6 GeV Current 100 mA (200
mA) Emittance 1 nmrad
Operation
Number of bunches 40 960 Bunch distance 192
ns 8 ns Top-up operation mode
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NRS Beamline Proposed at PETRA-III
20 m undulator
Revolver type with two magnet structures 1)
optimized for 14.4 keV (fundamental) 2)
optimized for 21.5 30 keV (third harmonics)
General Experiment Support
Cryostats, high-magnetic fields, high-pressure
cells, furnaces, detectors (0,1,2 - dimensional),
electronics, mechanical components, lasers
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NRS from Isotopic Probe Layers using Microfocused
Beams
Spot sizes well below 1mm can be reached by
application of focusing mirror optics
Magnetic Properties Spin Structure and
Magnetic Correlations in thin films and
nanoparticles
Dynamic Properties Phonons at interfaces and
in nanoparticles Nuclear resonant photon
correlation spectroscopy
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High-Resolution Monochromators at PETRA-III
Yu. V. Shvydko (2003)
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Limits of Storage Ring Based Sources
Beam properties reflect the equilibrium dynamics
of particles in the ring, resulting from
averaging over all revolutions Particles are
re-cycled Design study The Ultimate Storage Ring
(USR)
Development of New Radiation Sources
Radiation is generated by single bunches passing
through an undulator Energy Recovery Linear
Accelerator (ERL) Sub-Picosecond Pulsed Source
(SPPS) X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL)
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X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers

• ... at x-ray wavelengths
• no efficient reflectors exist
• lasing in a single-pass
• Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE)

• Synchrotron radiation
• low emittance electron beam
• relativistic electron energy
• periodic acceleration of electron in magnetic
  field of an undulator
• collimated radiation
• tunable by electron energy magnetic field

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SASE exponential growth and saturation
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Electron bunch modulation
GENESIS - simulation for TTF parameters Courtesy
- Sven Reiche (UCLA)
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Time structure of the XFEL radiation
Single bunches. Few bunches. Long trains.
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Radiation parameters

• Compared to 3rd generation
• synchrotron radiation facilities,
• the gain factors are
• Peak brilliance 109 (FEL)
• 104 (spont.)
• Average brilliance 104 (FEL)
• Degeneracy 109 (FEL)

109 Total increase 106 FEL gain 103
e-properties undulator length
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Published science cases for FEL radiation

• Ultrashort duration of X-ray pulses
• High number of photons per pulse
• Coherent x-ray radiation

• Atoms, molecules, cluster
• Plasma physics
• Hard-condensed matter
• Surface interface studies
• Materials science
• Chemistry
• Biology
• Nonlinear phenomena
• quantum optics
• FEL physics

http//slac.stanford.edu/lcls http//xfel.desy.de
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Roadmap towards an 0.086 nm XFEL
2000-2002 TTF-1 (Hamburg)
2000-2001 LEUTL (Argonne)
1980 initial paper
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The European XFEL project

• Original proposal (March 2001) part of the TESLA
  project.
• In October 2002 an standalone version was
  proposed
• Germany agreed to propose a site and to cover 50
  of the building cost.
• Technical parameters are currently reconsidered.

2000m
1200m
3 FEL and 2 beamlines for spontaneous synchrotron
radiation with 10 independent experimental
stations
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The European XFEL at the DESY site
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Towards the European XFEL

• Feb 2003 BMBF indicates green light for
  European XFEL
• Oct 2003 European Strategy Forum for Research
  Infrastructures evaluates Technical challenges
• Dec 2003 XFEL enters EU Quickstart programme
• Jan 2004 Formation of an European steering group
• Working groups on technological issues
• Working groups on administrative issues
• Update of scientific case
• End 2004 Start plan approval procedure at DESY
• Workshops to define user/science requirements
• Early 2005 European agreement on XFEL project
• Start of project
• Start of construction
• 2012 Start of commissioning

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Ultrafast Processes
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NRS Experiments at the XFEL
Non-equilibrium phenomena
Pump-probe investigations of dynamical
phenomena Excitations in artificial spin chains,
solitons Fast magnetic switching Magnon
spectroscopy, Single particle imaging
Use of complementary techniques
Neutron scattering, Magnetic x-ray scattering,
Magneto-optics, Inelastic x-ray scattering,