The logic of hypothesis testing

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Chapter 8

• The logic of hypothesis testing

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????

• ????(hypothesis testing)?????????(sample
  statistics)????????????(population
  parameters)???????

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??????

• ???????????
• ?????????? (???? state your hypothesis)
• ???????????(sample statistics)??? ??
  (hypothesis testing)
• ???????????
• ?????????????
• ?????(data)???(hypothesis)?????,??????????

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Example

• ?????????EQ????
• ???? EQHgtEQN
• ??50?hotel GMs EQ ?? (Sample data)
• ??EQH ? EQN ,?????????????????

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EQN 100
???????EQ??? hoteler?
???hoteler?EQ???????
EQH 110
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Hypothesis statement

• ???? Null Hypothesis
• H0
• ?????????
• ?????????(?????)
• ???? Research hypothesis
• H1
• ??????????
• ????????? (?????)

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??????

• Step 1 Making assumptions?????????????
• Random sampling
• Independent observations
• Normal sampling distribution
• Interval/ratio scale
• Step 2 Stating the null hypothesis research
  hypothesis ????
• H0 H1
• Step 3 Establishing the critical region ??????
• Alpha level (1, 5, 10)
• Z criticallevel of significance (Zc)
• ?????????????????
• Step 4 Computing z-score (Zo or test statistic)
• Step 5 Making a decision of rejecting the H0 or
  accepting the H0
• ??z-scor??????????????????????
• ????? reject H0

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Level of significance

• 65 ? 1S
• 95 ? 2S
• 97 ? 3S

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EQ example

• ??????EQ??????,???100,????3?????????EQ???,????????
  ,??????50?????????EQ,???????116,??????????????????
  ?

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Hypothesis ??

• Directional hypothesis test ???????
• Non-directional hypothesis test ????????

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Example

• P216 217 questions please determine the
  questions should be tested in directional or
  non-directional hypotheses

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• ????,????????
• ??????????????????
• ???!!

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???????????

• ????Reject H0
• ????? (hotelier?EQ??????) ?????
• ???? (hotelerEQ??????,???????????EQ?hotelier)???
  (Type I error,?)
• ????Fail to reject H0
• ?????? (hotelerEQ??????) ?????
• ???,????? (hotelier?EQ??????,?????????EQ????hoteli
  er) ??? (Type II error,?)

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H0 true H1 true
Reject H0 Type I error ? Decision correct power
Accept H0 Decision correct Type II error ?

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• ? p( Type I error)
• p( reject H0 I H0 true)
• level of significance
• critical region

• ? p( Type II error)
• p( Accept H0IH1ture)

Power p ( Reject H0I H1 true) ???
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power
?
?
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• Type I vs. Type II ???error ?????
• ??????,????????????

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???? type I type II error?

• ?? ??
• Power 1-?
• How to increase power?
• ??
• ?n
• ??????